Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023
Synopsis
Sentinel Surveillance System Implementation and Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Data, Washington, USA, 2020–2021
Table
Comparison of demographic characteristics between COVID-19 cases with sequenced specimens and all confirmed COVID-19 cases in study of presentinel and sentinel surveillance system implementation and evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 genomic data, Washington, USA, 2020–2021*
Variable | Presentinel period† |
Sentinel period‡ |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Sequenced | O/E | Σ(|E-O|)/E§ | Overall | Sequenced | O/E | Σ(|E-O|)/E§ | ||
Total no. | 326,850 | 10,653 | 463,639 | 56,106 | |||||
Sex | 0.73 | 0.55 | |||||||
F | 159,460 (48.8) | 5,326 (50.0) | 1.02 | 230,524 (49.7) | 27,163 (48.4) | 0.97 | |||
M | 157,133 (48.1) | 4,932 (46.3) | 0.96 | 223,711 (48.3) | 27,916 (49.8) | 1.03 | |||
Other | 287 (0.1) | NA¶ | 0.53 | 331 (0.1) | 55 (0.1) | 1.37 | |||
Missing |
9,970 (3.1) |
390 (3.7) |
1.20 |
9,073 (2.0) |
972 (1.7) |
0.89 |
|||
Age group, y | 2.36 | 1.58 | |||||||
0–4 | 7,802 (2.4) | 211 (2.0) | 0.83 | 18,499 (4.0) | 2,188 (3.9) | 0.98 | |||
5–17 | 32,121 (9.8) | 932 (8.7) | 0.89 | 77,782 (16.8) | 9,815 (17.5) | 1.04 | |||
18–44 | 165,920 (50.8) | 5,128 (48.1) | 0.95 | 224,380 (48.4) | 28,909 (51.5) | 1.06 | |||
45–64 | 83,046 (25.4) | 2,628 (24.7) | 0.97 | 102,215 (22.0) | 11,309 (20.2) | 0.91 | |||
65–79 | 26,724 (8.2) | 1,073 (10.1) | 1.23 | 32,000 (6.9) | 3,052 (5.4) | 0.79 | |||
>80 | 10,998 (3.4) | 680 (6.4) | 1.90 | 8,591 (1.9) | 832 (1.5) | 0.80 | |||
Unknown |
239 (0.1) |
NA¶ |
0.13 |
172 (0.0) |
NA¶ |
0.05 |
|||
COVID-19 deaths |
5,134 (1.6) |
448 (4.2) |
2.68 |
1.68 |
4,568 (1.0) |
452 (0.8) |
0.82 |
0.18 |
|
Hospitalized for COVID-19 |
18,992 (5.8) |
891 (8.4) |
1.44 |
0.44 |
25,060 (5.4) |
1,721 (3.1) |
0.57 |
0.43 |
|
Outbreak-associated |
49,165 (15.0) |
2,350 (22.1) |
1.47 |
0.47 |
25,902 (5.6) |
4,281 (7.6) |
1.37 |
0.37 |
|
LTCF-associated |
19,899 (6.1) |
1,614 (15.2) |
2.49 |
1.49 |
7,317 (1.6) |
1,105 (2.0) |
1.25 |
0.25 |
|
Symptoms | 0.61 | 0.80 | |||||||
Yes | 172,070 (52.6) | 6,860 (64.4) | 1.22 | 173,363 (37.4) | 27,140 (48.4) | 1.29 | |||
No | 24,182 (7.4) | 701 (6.6) | 0.89 | 44,731 (9.6) | 3,430 (6.1) | 0.63 | |||
Unknown |
130,598 (40.0) |
3,092 (29.0) |
0.73 |
245,545 (53.0) |
25,536 (45.5) |
0.86 |
|||
Race/Ethnicity | 1.95 | 1.35 | |||||||
Hispanic | 70,020 (21.4) | 2,671 (25.1) | 1.17 | 53,221 (11.5) | 9,285 (16.5) | 1.44 | |||
Non-Hispanic, American Indian, or Alaska Native | 3,953 (1.2) | 161 (1.5) | 1.25 | 5,455 (1.2) | 685 (1.2) | 1.04 | |||
Non-Hispanic Asian | 16,321 (5.0) | 755 (7.1) | 1.42 | 21,787 (4.7) | 3,261 (5.8) | 1.24 | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 14,863 (4.5) | 548 (5.1) | 1.13 | 19,812 (4.3) | 2,429 (4.3) | 1.01 | |||
Non-Hispanic multiracial | 5,575 (1.7) | 217 (2.0) | 1.19 | 7,707 (1.7) | 1,173 (2.1) | 1.26 | |||
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 5,338 (1.6) | 203 (1.9) | 1.17 | 6,432 (1.4) | 704 (1.3) | 0.90 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 133,224 (40.8) | 4,174 (39.2) | 0.96 | 229,100 (49.4) | 24,039 (42.8) | 0.87 | |||
Non-Hispanic, other race | 3,211 (1.0) | 138 (1.3) | 1.32 | 3,271 (0.7) | 345 (0.6) | 0.87 | |||
Unknown |
74,345 (22.7) |
1,786 (16.8) |
0.74 |
116,854 (25.2) |
14,185 (25.3) |
1.00 |
|||
Language | 0.94 | 2.15 | |||||||
English | 104,984 (32.1) | 3,357 (31.5) | 0.98 | 138,437 (29.9) | 18,484 (32.9) | 1.10 | |||
Spanish | 23,408 (7.2) | 884 (8.3) | 1.16 | 9,849 (2.1) | 2,474 (4.4) | 2.08 | |||
Other | 5,137 (1.6) | 239 (2.2) | 1.43 | 1,745 (0.4) | 337 (0.6) | 1.60 | |||
Unknown | 12,519 (3.8) | 273 (2.6) | 0.67 | 9,261 (2.0) | 1,434 (2.6) | 1.28 | |||
Missing | 180,802 (55.3) | 5,900 (55.4) | 1.00 | 304,347 (65.6) | 33,377 (59.5) | 0.91 |
*Values are no. or no. (%). We included all confirmed COVID-19 cases (SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by molecular amplification) reported among Washington residents from January 21, 2020, through December 31, 2021, in the Washington Disease Reporting System. E, expected counts; LTCF, long-term care facility; NA, not applicable; O, observed counts. †Cases were classified as presentinel if specimens were sequenced before March 1, 2021. ‡Cases were classified as sentinel if specimens were sequenced on or after March 1, 2021, through the sentinel surveillance program. §Formula used to directly compare representativeness between populations. ¶Counts <10 are censored.