Volume 29, Number 4—April 2023
Research
Monitoring Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels and Variant-Specific Risk for Infection, Dominican Republic, March 2021–August 2022
Table 4
S antibody titer quartile | OR (95% CI)† |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, N = 2,300 | Pre-Delta, n = 646 | Delta, n = 764 | Omicron (BA.1), n = 464 | Omicron (BA.2/4/5), n = 426 | |
Q1 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Q2 | 0.55 (0.40–0.74)§ | 0.25 (0.14–0.44)§ | 0.38 (0.23–0.62)§ | 0.69 (0.27–1.76) | 0.60 (0.30–1.17) |
Q3 | 0.38 (0.27–0.55)§ | 0.13 (0.07–0.25)§ | 0.31 (0.19–0.51)§ | 0.46 (0.16–1.27) | 0.30 (0.14–0.60)¶ |
Q4 | 0.27 (0.18–0.40)§ | 0.13 (0.06–0.25)§ | 0.31 (0.18–0.54)§ | 0.14 (0.04–0.42)¶ | 0.22 (0.09–0.50)§ |
*Phases based on dominant circulating strain: March 22–August 15, 2021 (pre-Delta, primarily Mu, Gamma, Iota, and Lambda strains), August 16–December 23, 2021 (Delta), December 24, 2021–April 30, 2022 (Omicron, BA.1), and May 1–August 17, 2022 (Omicron, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5). Anti-S, SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody. †Odds ratios with 95% CIs calculated using binomial multivariable logistic regression models with data presented for log-adjusted anti-S titers stratified by quartile. Quartiles calculated using the quantile function in R (16) and are specific to each phase. Appendix Table 10 shows phase and quartile anti-S geometric mean titers and median titers Model covariates include, in addition to anti-S titer quartile, number of COVID-19 vaccine doses received, days since last COVID-19 vaccine dose, sex, age, and month of sample collection. Appendix Tables 4–8 show full univariable and multivariable models, underlying data, predictor variables, and model performance measures. §p<0.001. ¶p<0.01.
References
- Hallal PC, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, Silveira MF, Struchiner CJ, Vidaletti LP, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Brazil: results from two successive nationwide serological household surveys. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e1390–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Le Vu S, Jones G, Anna F, Rose T, Richard JB, Bernard-Stoecklin S, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in France: results from nationwide serological surveillance. Nat Commun. 2021;12:3025. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Anand S, Montez-Rath M, Han J, Cadden L, Hunsader P, Kerschmann R, et al. Estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in US patients receiving dialysis 1 year after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:
e2116572 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B, Pastor-Barriuso R, Oteo J, Hernán MA, Pérez-Olmeda M, et al.; ENE-COVID Study Group. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. Lancet. 2020;396:535–44. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Feng S, Phillips DJ, White T, Sayal H, Aley PK, Bibi S, et al.; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group. Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27:2032–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gilbert PB, Montefiori DC, McDermott AB, Fong Y, Benkeser D, Deng W, et al.; Immune Assays Team§; Moderna, Inc. Team§; Coronavirus Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN)/Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) Team§; United States Government (USG)/CoVPN Biostatistics Team§. Immune correlates analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial. Science. 2022;375:43–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, Schlub TE, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27:1205–11. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nilles EJ, Paulino CT, de St Aubin M, Restrepo AC, Mayfield H, Dumas D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, cumulative infections, and immunity to symptomatic infection - A multistage national household survey and modelling study, Dominican Republic, June-October 2021. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;16:
100390 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Oficina Nacional de Estadistica (República Dominicana). Inicio [cited 2021 Sep 13]. https://www.one.gob.do
- United Nations Statistic Division. Global demographics. Population by age, sex and urban/rural residence: latest available year, 2008–2017. 2017 [cited 2021 Sep 24]. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/documents/dyb2017/table07.pdf
- Charles PWD. COVID-19, GitHub repository. 2013 [cited 2022 May 16]. https://github.com/govex/COVID-19/tree/master/data_tables/vaccine_data/global_data
- Ritchie H, Mathieu E, Rodés-Guirao L, et al. Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 14]. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
- Barber RM, Sorensen RJD, Pigott DM, Bisignano C, Carter A, Amlag JO, et al.; COVID-19 Cumulative Infection Collaborators. Estimating global, regional, and national daily and cumulative infections with SARS-CoV-2 through Nov 14, 2021: a statistical analysis. Lancet. 2022;399:2351–80. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kristiansen PA, Page M, Bernasconi V, Mattiuzzo G, Dull P, Makar K, et al. WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Lancet. 2021;397:1347–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ainsworth M, Andersson M, Auckland K, Baillie JK, Barnes E, Beer S, et al.; National SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assay Evaluation Group. Performance characteristics of five immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2: a head-to-head benchmark comparison. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:1390–400. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Harrison E, Drake T, Ots R. finalfit: quickly create elegant regression results tables and plots when modelling. 2021 [cited 2021 Oct 9]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=finalfit
- Breheny PBW, Burchett W. Visualization of regression models using visreg. R J. 2017;9:56–71. DOIGoogle Scholar
- Wickham H. Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Second edition. New York: Springer–Verlag; 2016.
- Molodtsov IA, Kegeles E, Mitin AN, Mityaeva O, Musatova OE, Panova AE, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific T cells and antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection: a prospective study. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75:e1–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bartsch YC, Fischinger S, Siddiqui SM, Chen Z, Yu J, Gebre M, et al. Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1018. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Finch E, Lowe R, Fischinger S, de St Aubin M, Siddiqui SM, Dayal D, et al.; CMMID COVID-19 working group and the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort. PLoS Biol. 2022;20:
e3001531 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Bergwerk M, Gonen T, Lustig Y, Amit S, Lipsitch M, Cohen C, et al. Covid-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated health care workers. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1474–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Asamoah-Boaheng M, Goldfarb DM, Karim ME, O’Brien SF, Wall N, Drews SJ, et al. The relationship between anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and risk of breakthrough COVID-19 among fully vaccinated adults. J Infect Dis. 2022;2022:1–5.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Buitrago-Garcia D, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano-Achig P, Del Campo R, Ciapponi A, et al. False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15:
e0242958 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
1These authors contributed equally to this article.