Volume 29, Number 6—June 2023
Research
Risk Factors for Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infections, United States
, Zhaohui Cui, Beau B. Bruce, LaTonia Clay Richardson, Michelle M. Boyle, Paul R. Cieslak, Nicole Comstock, Sarah Lathrop, Katie Garman, Suzanne McGuire, Danyel Olson, Duc J. Vugia, Siri Wilson, Patricia M. Griffin, and Carlota Medus
Table 1
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and international travel among case-patients with non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli infection, by serogroup, FoodNet case–control study, United States, 2012–2015 (n = 939)*
| Category |
Serogroup |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O26 |
O103 |
O111 |
O121 |
O118 |
O186 |
O5 |
O145 |
O45 |
Other† |
Total‡ |
|
| Demographics | |||||||||||
| Median age, y (IQR) | 18 (4–33) | 20 (6.5–36) | 14.5 (4–27) | 22.5 (8–42) | 2 (1–16) | 15 (3–28) | 17 (4–27) | 15 (5–27) | 30 (17–52) | 26.5 (10–62) | 19 (5–36) |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| F | 153/263 (58) | 142/216 (66) | 78/134 (58) | 27/46 (59) | 19/37 (51) | 20/32 (63) | 9/22 (41) | 13/21 (62) | 14/21 (67) | 57/98 (58) | 553/939 (59) |
| M | 110/263 (42) | 74/216 (34) | 56/134 (42) | 19/46 (41) | 18/37 (49) | 12/32 (37) | 13/22 (59) | 8/21 (38) | 7/21 (33) | 41/98 (42) | 341/939 (41) |
| Race | |||||||||||
| White | 231/251 (92) | 175/196 (89) | 113/126 (90) | 45/45 (100) | 23/29 (79) | 20/21 (95) | 18/20 (90) | 20/21 (95) | 20/20 (95) | 76/86 (88) | 787/868 (91) |
| Black | 10/251 (4) | 11/196 (6) | 8/126 (6) | 0/45 (0) | 3/29 (10) | 0/23 (0) | 1/20 (5) | 1/21 (5) | 0/20 (0) | 4/86 (5) | 41/868 (5) |
| Asian | 3/251 (1) | 1/196 (1) | 2/126 (2) | 0/45 (0) | 2/29 (7) | 1/21 (5) | 1/20 (5) | 0/21 (0) | 0/20 (0) | 4/86 (5) | 17/868 (2) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Hispanic |
38/260 (15) |
33/211 (16) |
25/132 (19) |
5/45 (11) |
19/37 (51) |
6/23 (26) |
2/22 (9) |
1/21 (5) |
1/21 (5) |
15/96 (16) |
155/926 (17) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||||||
| Diarrhea | 260/263 (99) | 214/216 (99) | 133/134 (99) | 45/46 (98) | 37/37 (100) | 23/23 (100) | 21/22 (95) | 21/21 (100) | 21/21 (100) | 97/98 (99) | 929/939 (99) |
| Median duration, d (IQR) | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–10) | 6.5 (5–10) | 5.5 (4–7) | 8 (6.5–14) | 7 (5–10) | 6 (4.5–7) | 7 (5–10) | 7.5 (5–12) | 7 (4–10) | 7 (5–10) |
| Abdominal pain | 225/254 (89) | 188/206 (91) | 113/123 (92) | 43/43 (100) | 25/31 (81) | 20/23 (87) | 19/21 (90) | 16/18 (89) | 20/20 (100) | 76/96 (79) | 790/889 (89) |
| Fatigue | 175/256 (68) | 149/209 (71) | 92/125 (74) | 33/45 (73) | 20/37 (54) | 17/22 (77) | 15/21 (71) | 16/20 (80) | 15/19 (79) | 65/92 (70) | 636/901 (71) |
| Bloody feces | 166/258 (64) | 130/210 (62) | 66/132 (50) | 36/46 (78) | 15/37 (41) | 11/21 (52) | 16/22 (73) | 10/21 (48) | 16/21 (76) | 42/95 (44) | 533/919 (58) |
| Nausea | 124/252 (49) | 128/203 (63) | 69/128 (54) | 20/45 (44) | 12/34 (35) | 9/21 (43) | 5/22 (23) | 13/20 (65) | 12/20 (60) | 47/95 (49) | 474/893 (53) |
| Fever | 99/253 (39) | 86/201 (43) | 58/127 (46) | 12/41 (29) | 16/36 (44) | 8/23 (35) | 5/21 (24) | 10/21 (48) | 6/21 (29) | 26/95 (27) | 343/894 (38) |
| Chills | 82/251 (33) | 93/207 (45) | 49/129 (38) | 14/45 (31) | 9/32 (28) | 5/21 (24) | 6/22 (27) | 5/20 (25) | 8/20 (40) | 31/96 (32) | 323/897 (36) |
| Achy joints or muscles | 75/242 (31) | 63/197 (32) | 37/117 (32) | 12/41 (29) | 5/28 (18) | 7/22 (32) | 6/20 (30) | 5/19 (26) | 8/20 (40) | 29/90 (32) | 269/847 (32) |
| Vomiting | 65/261 (25) | 68/214 (32) | 41/133 (31) | 14/46 (30) | 9/36 (25) | 5/23 (22) | 9/22 (41) | 10/21 (48) | 4/21 (19) | 29/97 (30) | 273/930 (29) |
| HUS | 1/263 (0) | 0/216 (0) | 1/133 (1) | 0/45 (0) | 0/37 (0) | 0/23 (0) | 0/22 (0) | 4/21 (19) | 0/21 (0) | 2/98 (2) | 8/937 (1) |
| Hospitalized |
34/258 (13) |
25/215 (12) |
33/133 (25) |
15/46 (33) |
1/36 (3) |
2/23 (9) |
8/22 (36) |
7/21 (33) |
8/21 (38) |
14/97 (14) |
154/927 (17) |
| International travel | 28/263 (11) | 29/216 (13) | 27/134 (20) | 0/46 (0) | 11/37 (30) | 11/23 (48) | 1/22 (5) | 0/21 (0) | 1/21 (5) | 21/98 (21) | 138/939 (15) |
*Values are no. positive/no. for whom data were available (%) except as indicated. HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; IQR, interquartile range. †Includes O71 (n = 18), O69 (13), O165 (6), O76 (6), O177 (5), O113 (4), O50 (4), O84 (3), O91 (3), O146 (2), O156 (2), O174 (2), O178 (2), O181 (2), O22 (2), O32 (2), O77 (2), and 1 each of O1, O11, O101, O117, O123, O128, O128abc, O159, O168, O172, O175, O185, O36, O55, O65, O74, O79, O80, O82, and O98. ‡Includes infections caused by undetermined serogroups (n = 25), O rough isolates (i.e., isolates that do not express the O antigen) (11), unknown serogroup (11), and infections with >1 serogroup isolated (10). §Within 7 d before illness onset.
1Current affiliation: Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, USA.