Volume 29, Number 6—June 2023
Research
Risk Factors for Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infections, United States
, Zhaohui Cui, Beau B. Bruce, LaTonia Clay Richardson, Michelle M. Boyle, Paul R. Cieslak, Nicole Comstock, Sarah Lathrop, Katie Garman, Suzanne McGuire, Danyel Olson, Duc J. Vugia, Siri Wilson, Patricia M. Griffin, and Carlota Medus
Table 4
Risk factors associated with domestically acquired non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli infections by serogroup, FoodNet case–control study, United States, 2012–2015*
| Serogroup and exposure† | Case-patients | Controls | Multivariable analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) | p value§ | |||
| O26, n = 231 | |||||
| Contact with someone with diarrheal illness | 16/122 (13) | 11/370 (3) | 5.7 (2.4–14.4) | 10.8 (7.6–12.2) | 0.04 |
| Environmental | |||||
| Live or work on, or visit a farm, petting zoo, or fair | |||||
| With chickens present | 11/143 (8) | 1/410 (0) | 35.5 (6.9–319.6) | 7.5 (6.6–7.7) | 0.003 |
| With cows present | 11/140 (8) | 4/399 (1) | 13.6 (3.6–62.0) | 7.3 (5.7–7.7) | 0.04 |
| With cows or calves present | 11/141 (8) | 5/394 (1) | 13.7 (3.5–65.5) | 7.2 (5.6–7.7) | 0.04 |
| Visit a farm with chickens present |
7/139 (5) |
1/421 (0) |
24.3 (4.7–172.0) |
4.8 (4.0–5.0) |
0.04 |
| O103, n = 179 | |||||
| Environmental | |||||
| Live or work on, or visit a farm, petting zoo, or fair | 24/94 (26) | 22/315 (7) | 7.2(2.9–19.4) | 22.0 (16.6–24.2) | 0.008 |
| With cows or calves present | 12/95 (13) | 6/334 (2) | 24.9 (5.3–169.3) | 12.1 (10.2–12.6) | 0.008 |
| With calves present | 7/97 (7) | 2/330 (1) | 60.8 (6.7–2,615.0) | 7.1 (6.1–7.2) | 0.02 |
| Live on a farm | 11/101 (11) | 5/328 (2) | 15.8 (3.8–77.8) | 10.2 (8.1–10.8) | 0.02 |
| Contact with wild deer or elk or their droppings | 9/98 (9) | 2/327 (1) | 14.6 (3.7–69.1) | 8.6 (6.7–9.1) | 0.02 |
| Visit a farm with horses present | 5/93 (5) | 1/316 (0) | 60.1 (6.4–5,983.0) | 5.3 (4.5–5.4) | 0.02 |
| Fruits and vegetables | |||||
| Iceberg lettuce prepared outside the home |
24/93 (26) |
37/290 (13) |
4.5 (2.1–9.9) |
20.1 (13.7–23.2) |
0.02 |
| O111, n = 104 | |||||
| Environmental | |||||
| Live on, visit, or work on a farm, petting zoo, or fair | 13/60 (22) | 11/190 (6) | 15.4 (4.1–73.9) | 20.3 (16.3–21.4) | 0.03 |
*Values are no. exposures/no. for whom data were available (%) except as indicated. OR, odds ratio; PAF, population attributable fractions. †In the 7 d before illness unless otherwise specified. Interviewers told respondents to consider foods prepared at any home to be prepared at home and foods prepared at a restaurant or commercial food service establishment to be prepared outside the home. ‡All cases included were in nontravelers >1 y old; each serogroup-specific analysis had 2,365 noninfant, nontraveler controls. The overall number of cases for each serogroup-specific analysis is listed in the respective section header. During nearest-neighbors matching, cases and controls without a match were excluded for the exposure under consideration. Thus, the numbers of cases and controls that were matched and included in the analysis of each exposure is smaller than the total. §p adjusted for multiple testing using Benjamini-Hochberg-Yekutieli method.
1Current affiliation: Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, USA.