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Volume 29, Number 7—July 2023
Research

Long-Term Epidemiology and Evolution of Swine Influenza Viruses, Vietnam

Jonathan Cheung, Anh Ngoc Bui, Sonia Younas, Kimberly M. Edwards, Huy Quang Nguyen, Ngoc Thi Pham, Vuong Nghia Bui, Malik Peiris1Comments to Author , and Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran1
Author affiliations: The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J. Cheung, S. Younas, K.M. Edwards, M. Peiris, V. Dhanasekaran); National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam (A.N. Bui, H.Q. Nguyen, N.T. Pham, V.N. Bui); Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong (M. Peiris).

Main Article

Figure 3

H1 and H3 swine influenza virus genotypes in Vietnam, 2010–2019. A) Temporal phylogeny of HA genes. Branches are colored by lineage of origin. Heatmap illustrates gene segment origins. B) Genotypes identified in Vietnam during 2010–2019. Box shading denotes lineage of origin by color grouping, as shown in panel A. C) Annual percentages of genotypes identified. Colors are as shown in panel B. C-TR, Chinese triple reassortant; EA, Eurasian avian; H1-δ, pre-2009-human H1-δ; H1-δ1a, pre-2009 human H1-δ; HA, hemagglutinin; M, matrix; NA, neuraminidase; NA-TR, North American triple reassortant; NP, nucleoprotein; NS, nonstructural; NV-TR, northern Vietnam triple reassortant; PA, polymerase acidic; PB, polymerase basic; SV-TR, southern Vietnam triple reassortant.

Figure 3. H1 and H3 swine influenza virus genotypes in Vietnam, 2010–2019. A) Temporal phylogeny of HA genes. Branches are colored by lineage of origin. Heatmap illustrates gene segment origins. B) Genotypes identified in Vietnam during 2010–2019. Box shading denotes lineage of origin by color grouping, as shown in panel A. C) Annual percentages of genotypes identified. Colors are as shown in panel B. C-TR, Chinese triple reassortant; EA, Eurasian avian; H1-δ, pre-2009-human H1-δ; H1-δ1a, pre-2009 human H1-δ; HA, hemagglutinin; M, matrix; NA, neuraminidase; NA-TR, North American triple reassortant; NP, nucleoprotein; NS, nonstructural; NV-TR, northern Vietnam triple reassortant; PA, polymerase acidic; PB, polymerase basic; SV-TR, southern Vietnam triple reassortant.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

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Page updated: June 20, 2023
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