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Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024
Research

Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa

Nigel P. FrenchComments to Author , Kate M. Thomas, Nelson B. Amani, Jackie Benschop, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Sarah Cleaveland, Ahmed Fayaz, Ephrasia A. Hugho, Esron D. Karimuribo, Elizabeth Kasagama, Ruth Maganga, Matayo L. Melubo, Anne C. Midwinter, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Victor V. Mosha, Fadhili I. Mshana, Peninah Munyua, John B. Ochieng, Lynn Rogers, Emmanuel Sindiyo, Emanuel S. Swai, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, David A. Wilkinson, Rudovick R. Kazwala, John A. Crump1, and Ruth N. Zadoks1
Author affiliations: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (N.P. French, J. Benschop, A. Fayaz, A.C. Midwinter, L. Rogers, D.A. Wilkinson); Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand (K.M. Thomas); Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania (N.B. Amani, E.A. Hugho, E. Kasagama, M.L. Melubo, B.T. Mmbaga, V.V. Mosha, F.I. Mshana); Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya (G.M. Bigogo, J.B. Ochieng); University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK (S. Cleaveland, R. Maganga, R.N. Zadoks); Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania (E.D. Karimuribo, R.R. Kazwala); Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi (B.T. Mmbaga); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya (P. Munyua, J.R. Verani, M.-A. Widdowson); Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania (E. Sindiyo); Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania (E.S. Swai); University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (J.A. Crump); University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (R.N. Zadoks)

Main Article

Figure 5

Circular dendrogram showing, from outer to inner rings, AST in study of population structure and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from humans with diarrhea and from poultry, East Africa, 2006–2017. Colored blocks indicate resistance (all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin so this ring is not included), resistome, clonal complex (CC), sequence type (ST), Campylobacter species, poultry sample number, farm type, host and isolate ID for isolates from Kenya and Tanzania, 2006–2017 (human) or 2016–2017 (poultry). Isolates from the same poultry sample that belonged to a different ST are highlighted (samples 15, 22, 35, and 45) using colored isolate identification labels. The resistome indicates detection of resistance genes (encoding for resistance to some aminoglycosides, β-lactam antimicrobials and tetracyclines) and alleles (encoding for resistance for fluoroquinolones in the gyrase A gene, and macrolides in the 23S rRNA gene). Clustering of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the resistome with some CCs and STs is evident. For example, multidrug resistance is observed in C. jejuni ST2122 and C. coli ST8043 isolates. Scale bar indicates number of core-genome multilocus-sequence typing allele differences. AST, antimicrobial sensitivity.

Figure 5. Circular dendrogram showing, from outer to inner rings, AST in study of population structure and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from humans with diarrhea and from poultry, East Africa, 2006–2017. Colored blocks indicate resistance (all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin so this ring is not included), resistome, clonal complex (CC), sequence type (ST), Campylobacter species, poultry sample number, farm type, host and isolate ID for isolates from Kenya and Tanzania, 2006–2017 (human) or 2016–2017 (poultry). Isolates from the same poultry sample that belonged to a different ST are highlighted (samples 15, 22, 35, and 45) using colored isolate identification labels. The resistome indicates detection of resistance genes (encoding for resistance to some aminoglycosides, β-lactam antimicrobials and tetracyclines) and alleles (encoding for resistance for fluoroquinolones in the gyrase A gene, and macrolides in the 23S rRNA gene). Clustering of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the resistome with some CCs and STs is evident. For example, multidrug resistance is observed in C. jejuni ST2122 and C. coli ST8043 isolates. Scale bar indicates number of core-genome multilocus-sequence typing allele differences. AST, antimicrobial sensitivity.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

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