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Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024
Online Report

Operational Risk Assessment Tool for Evaluating Leishmania infantum Introduction and Establishment in the United States through Dog Importation1

David R. Marquez2Comments to Author , Anne Straily2, Keeve Nachman, Douglas E. Norris, Meghan F. Davis3, and Christine A. Petersen3
Author affiliation: US Army Veterinary Services, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA (D.R. Marquez); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (D.R. Marquez, K. Nachman, D.E. Norris, M.F. Davis); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (A. Straily); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (C.A. Petersen)

Main Article

Figure 5

Probability scale used to develop an operational risk assessment tool for evaluating Leishmania infantum introduction and establishment in the United States through dog importation. *Negative serologic titers are typically those <1:40, but titer thresholds vary by laboratory. Titer values 1–2-fold higher than reference thresholds should be considered low titers and values >2-fold the reference should be considered a high titer (45). †Endemic and high burden countries are listed elsewhere (Appendix). SFPs, sand fly preventatives.

Figure 5. Probability scale used to develop an operational risk assessment tool for evaluating Leishmania infantum introduction and establishment in the United States through dog importation. *Negative serologic titers are typically those <1:40, but titer thresholds vary by laboratory. Titer values 1–2-fold higher than reference thresholds should be considered low titers and values >2-fold the reference should be considered a high titer (45). †Endemic and high burden countries are listed elsewhere (Appendix). SFPs, sand fly preventatives.

Main Article

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Main Article

1Preliminary results from this study were presented at the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Annual Meeting; October 18–22, 2023; Chicago, Illinois, USA.

2These first authors contributed equally to this article.

3These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: October 18, 2024
Page updated: November 26, 2024
Page reviewed: November 26, 2024
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