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Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024
Research

Human Circovirus in Patients with Hepatitis, Hong Kong

Shusheng Wu1, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip1, Jianwen Situ1, Zhiyu Li, Stanley Siu-Fung Ho, Jianpiao Cai, Jane Hau-Ching Poon, Nicholas Foo-Siong Chew, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Estie Hon-Kiu Shun, James Yiu-Hung Tsoi, Jade Lee-Lee Teng, David Christopher Lung, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Siddharth SridharComments to Author 
Author affiliation: The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (S. Wu, C.C.-Y. Yip, J. Situ, Z. Li, S.S.-F. Ho, J. Cai, J.H.-C. Poon, N.F.-S. Chew, J.D. Ip, A.J. Zhang, J.Y.-H. Tsoi, J.L.-L. Teng, K.K.-W. To, V.C.-C. Cheng, I.O.-L. Ng, K.-Y. Yuen, S. Sridhar); Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong (T.W.-H. Chung, K.H.-Y. Chiu, V.C.-C. Cheng); Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (D.C. Lung); Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong (D.C. Lung); Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong (E.H.-K. Shun, K.K.-W. To, K.Y. Yuen)

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Figure 4

Phylogenetic tree of representative circoviruses and human circoviruses from study of human circovirus in patients with hepatitis, Hong Kong. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was inferred from a multiple sequence alignment of complete representative Circovirus genomes and a mixture of full-length and partial genome sequences from this study (red text) using IQ-TREE (16). Three representative species of Cyclovirus were used as an outgroup for rooting the tree. Branch supports were assessed using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa–like approximate likelihood ratio test with 10,000 bootstrap replicates. Branches with <80% support were collapsed. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of representative circoviruses and human circoviruses from study of human circovirus in patients with hepatitis, Hong Kong. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was inferred from a multiple sequence alignment of complete representative Circovirus genomes and a mixture of full-length and partial genome sequences from this study (red text) using IQ-TREE (16). Three representative species of Cyclovirus were used as an outgroup for rooting the tree. Branch supports were assessed using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa–like approximate likelihood ratio test with 10,000 bootstrap replicates. Branches with <80% support were collapsed. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

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1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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