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Volume 30, Number 2—February 2024
Research

Multiple Introductions of Yersinia pestis during Urban Pneumonic Plague Epidemic, Madagascar, 2017

Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana1, Cyril Savin1, Dawn N. Birdsell1, Amy J. Vogler, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Soloandry Rahajandraibe, Sylvie Brémont, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Jason W. Sahl, Beza Ramasindrazana, Rado Jean Luc Rakotonanahary, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Rindra Randremanana, Viviane Maheriniaina, Vaoary Razafimbia, Aurelia Kwasiborski, Charlotte Balière, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Laurence Baril, Paul Keim, Valérie Caro, Voahangy Rasolofo, André Spiegel, Javier Pizarro-Cerda2, David M. Wagner2, and Minoarisoa Rajerison2Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar (V. Andrianaivoarimanana, S. Rahelinirina, B. Ramasindrazana, R.J.L. Rakotonanahary, F. Rakotomanana, R. Randremanana, M. Ratsitorahina, L. Baril, V. Rasolofo, A. Spiegel, M. Rajerison); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (C. Savin, A.-S. Le Guern, S. Brémont, A. Kwasiborski, C. Balière, V. Caro, J. Pizarro-Cerda); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (D.N. Birdsell, A.J. Vogler, J.W. Sahl, P. Keim, D.M. Wagner); Madagascar Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo (S. Rahajandraibe, V. Maheriniaina, V. Razafimbia)

Main Article

Figure 3

Transmission patterns among the initial 29 cases associated with the first urban PP transmission chain in Madagascar, August–November 2017 (emergence 2 in Table 1). Dates are illness onset dates. Solid arrows indicate likely infection sources based on known contact (Table 2); dotted arrows indicate hypothetical infection sources inferred from genetic data, epidemiologic data, or both. Symbols for individual cases indicate male or female sex; red indicates persons who died and blue indicates survivors. Red box indicates the first identified case from the epidemic that triggered the subsequent public health response.

Figure 3. Transmission patterns among the initial 29 cases associated with the first urban PP transmission chain in Madagascar, August–November 2017 (emergence 2 in Table 1). Dates are illness onset dates. Solid arrows indicate likely infection sources based on known contact (Table 2); dotted arrows indicate hypothetical infection sources inferred from genetic data, epidemiologic data, or both. Symbols for individual cases indicate male or female sex; red indicates persons who died and blue indicates survivors. Red box indicates the first identified case from the epidemic that triggered the subsequent public health response.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 31, 2023
Page updated: January 24, 2024
Page reviewed: January 24, 2024
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