Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 30, Number 2—February 2024
Research

Multiple Introductions of Yersinia pestis during Urban Pneumonic Plague Epidemic, Madagascar, 2017

Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana1, Cyril Savin1, Dawn N. Birdsell1, Amy J. Vogler, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Soloandry Rahajandraibe, Sylvie Brémont, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Jason W. Sahl, Beza Ramasindrazana, Rado Jean Luc Rakotonanahary, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Rindra Randremanana, Viviane Maheriniaina, Vaoary Razafimbia, Aurelia Kwasiborski, Charlotte Balière, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Laurence Baril, Paul Keim, Valérie Caro, Voahangy Rasolofo, André Spiegel, Javier Pizarro-Cerda2, David M. Wagner2, and Minoarisoa Rajerison2Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar (V. Andrianaivoarimanana, S. Rahelinirina, B. Ramasindrazana, R.J.L. Rakotonanahary, F. Rakotomanana, R. Randremanana, M. Ratsitorahina, L. Baril, V. Rasolofo, A. Spiegel, M. Rajerison); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (C. Savin, A.-S. Le Guern, S. Brémont, A. Kwasiborski, C. Balière, V. Caro, J. Pizarro-Cerda); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (D.N. Birdsell, A.J. Vogler, J.W. Sahl, P. Keim, D.M. Wagner); Madagascar Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo (S. Rahajandraibe, V. Maheriniaina, V. Razafimbia)

Main Article

Table 1

Twenty emergence events of Yersinia pestis bacteria from environmental reservoirs into humans in rural plague foci, Madagascar, August–November 2017

Event Major Y. pestis group District/Commune Earliest recorded onset date Progression from BP to PP? Travel Spread to urban areas (evidence)
1
 s
 Miarinarivo/Ambatomanjaka
 Aug 13
 No
 No
2
 s
 Ankazobe/Marondry
 Aug 25
 Yes
 Yes
 Toamasina (sputum 135–2017), Mahajanga (isolate 17/17), Antananarivo (sputum 2093–2017)
3
 s
 Miarinarivo/Anosibe Ifanja
 Aug 26
 No
 No
4
 q
 Moramanga/Ambohibary
 Sep 2
 No
 No
5
 s
 Tsiroanomandidy/Tsinjoarivo Imanga
 Sep 16
 No
 No
6
 y
 Manandriana/Ambohimahazo
 Sep 17
 No
 No
7
 s
 Andramasina/Sabotsy Ambohitromby
 Sep 21
 Yes
 Yes
 Antananarivo (isolate 21/17)
8
 j
 Tsiroanomandidy/Bemahatazana
 Sep 26
 Yes
 Yes
 Antananarivo (isolate 35/17, possibly sputum 819–2017)
9
 s
 Manjakandriana/Ranovao
 Oct 2
 No
 Yes
 Antananarivo (isolate 22/17)
10
 j
 Tsiroanomandidy/Ambalanirana
 Oct 3
 No
 No
 Antananarivo (possibly sputum 819–2017)
11
 s
 Arivonimamo/Arivonimamo II
 Oct 5
 Yes
 No
12
 β
 Ambalavao/Miarinarivo
 Oct 7
 Yes
 Yes
 Antananarivo (isolate 34/17, sputum 1494–2017)
13
 s
 Ankazobe/Fiadanana
 Oct 8
 No
 No
14
 α
 Mandritsara/Andratamarina
 Oct 14
 No
 No
15
 s
 Miarinarivo/Anosibe Ifanja
 Oct 17
 No
 No
16
 t
 Manandriana/Ambovombe Centre
 Oct 18
 No
 No
17
 x
 Arivonimamo/Mahatsinjo Est
 Oct 23
 No
 No
18
 q
 Antananarivo Avaradrano/Manandriana
 Oct 30
 Yes
 Yes
19
 s
 Faratsiho/Antsampanimahazo
 Nov 7
 No
 No
20 β Ambalavao/Anjoma Nov 9 No No

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 31, 2023
Page updated: January 24, 2024
Page reviewed: January 24, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external