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Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Synopsis

Clinical Significance, Species Distribution, and Temporal Trends of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Denmark, 1991–2022

Victor Naestholt DahlComments to Author , Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen, Anders Norman, E. Michael Rasmussen, Jakko van Ingen, Aase Bengaard Andersen, Christian Morberg Wejse1, and Troels Lillebaek1
Author affiliations: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (V.N. Dahl, A. Norman, E.M. Rasmussen, T. Lillebaek); Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (V.N. Dahl, C.M. Wejse); Aarhus University, Aarhus (V.N. Dahl, C.M. Wejse); Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (A.A. Pedersen); Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark (A.A. Pedersen); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (J. van Ingen); Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (A.B. Andersen); University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (T. Lillebaek)

Main Article

Table

Disease localization, species distribution, and clinical significance for patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria, Denmark 1991–2022*

Characteristic Total Years
1991–1998 1999–2006 2007–2014 2015–2022
No. patients
 4,123 (100)
 948 (100)
 793 (100)
 1,027 (100)
 1,355 (100)
Disease localization
Pulmonary 2,851 (69) 495 (52) 523 (66) 769 (75) 1,064 (79)
Extrapulmonary 1,106 (27) 341 (36) 255 (32) 242 (24) 268 (20)
Disseminated†
 166 (4.0)
 112 (12)
 15 (1.9)
 16 (1.6)
 23 (1.7)
Mycobacteria species group‡
M. avium complex 2,547 (62) 634 (67) 433 (55) 592 (58) 888 (66)
M. avium 2,046 (80) 575 (91) 370 (85) 467 (79) 634 (71)
M. chimaera 119 (4.7) 0 0 2 (0.3) 117 (13)
M. intracellulare 334 (13) 59 (9.3) 62 (14) 114 (19) 99 (11)
Other or unspecified 48 (1.9) 0 1 (0.2) 9 (1.5) 38 (4.3)
M. abscessus-chelonae complex 275 (6.7) 49 (5.2) 50 (6.3) 86 (8.4) 90 (6.6)
M. xenopi group 231 (5.6) 37 (3.9) 45 (5.7) 52 (5.1) 97 (7.2)
M. fortuitum-smegmatis group 202 (4.9) 57 (6.0) 48 (6.1) 34 (3.3) 63 (4.6)
M. malmoense 168 (4.1) 38 (4.0) 45 (5.7) 54 (5.3) 31 (2.3)
M. marinum 128 (3.1) 23 (2.4) 25 (3.2) 41 (4.0) 39 (2.9)
M. celatum group 117 (2.8) 13 (1.4) 19 (2.4) 45 (4.4) 40 (3.0)
M. kansasii 81 (2.0) 11 (1.2) 12 (1.5) 32 (3.1) 26 (1.9)
M. simiae complex 43 (1.0) 11 (1.2) 10 (1.3) 15 (1.5) 7 (0.5)
M. parascrofulaceum/scrofulaceum 40 (1.0) 10 (1.1) 3 (0.4) 10 (1.0) 17 (1.3)
M. szulgai 39 (0.9) 7 (0.7) 10 (1.3) 12 (1.2) 10 (0.7)
M. interjectum 22 (0.5) 4 (0.4) 5 (0.6) 8 (0.8) 5 (0.4)
M. terrae group 18 (0.4) 6 (0.6) 3 (0.4) 5 (0.5) 4 (0.3)
M. phocaicum/mucogenicum 17 (0.4) 0 7 (0.9) 3 (0.3) 7 (0.5)
Other§
 195 (4.7)
 48 (5.1)
 78 (9.8)
 38 (3.7)
 31 (2.3)
Clinical significance
Isolation 905 (22) 216 (23) 212 (27) 202 (20) 275 (20)
Possible disease 1,060 (26) 111 (12) 132 (17) 258 (25) 559 (41)
Definite disease 2,158 (52) 621 (66) 449 (57) 567 (55) 521 (38)

*All values are no. (%). †Patients with samples from both pulmonary and extrapulmonary locations were categorized as having disseminated disease. ‡Species were grouped by using phylogenetic classifications described by Tortoli et al. (7). §Defined as Mycobacteria spp. and species with <15 cases reported throughout the study period.

Main Article

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Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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