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Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Synopsis
Clinical Significance, Species Distribution, and Temporal Trends of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Denmark, 1991–2022
Victor Naestholt Dahl
, Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen, Anders Norman, E. Michael Rasmussen, Jakko van Ingen, Aase Bengaard Andersen, Christian Morberg Wejse1, and Troels Lillebaek1
, Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen, Anders Norman, E. Michael Rasmussen, Jakko van Ingen, Aase Bengaard Andersen, Christian Morberg Wejse1, and Troels Lillebaek1
Table
Disease localization, species distribution, and clinical significance for patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria, Denmark 1991–2022*
| Characteristic | Total | Years |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991–1998 | 1999–2006 | 2007–2014 | 2015–2022 | ||
| No. patients |
4,123 (100) |
948 (100) |
793 (100) |
1,027 (100) |
1,355 (100) |
| Disease localization | |||||
| Pulmonary | 2,851 (69) | 495 (52) | 523 (66) | 769 (75) | 1,064 (79) |
| Extrapulmonary | 1,106 (27) | 341 (36) | 255 (32) | 242 (24) | 268 (20) |
| Disseminated† |
166 (4.0) |
112 (12) |
15 (1.9) |
16 (1.6) |
23 (1.7) |
| Mycobacteria species group‡ | |||||
| M. avium complex | 2,547 (62) | 634 (67) | 433 (55) | 592 (58) | 888 (66) |
| M. avium | 2,046 (80) | 575 (91) | 370 (85) | 467 (79) | 634 (71) |
| M. chimaera | 119 (4.7) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 117 (13) |
| M. intracellulare | 334 (13) | 59 (9.3) | 62 (14) | 114 (19) | 99 (11) |
| Other or unspecified | 48 (1.9) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 9 (1.5) | 38 (4.3) |
| M. abscessus-chelonae complex | 275 (6.7) | 49 (5.2) | 50 (6.3) | 86 (8.4) | 90 (6.6) |
| M. xenopi group | 231 (5.6) | 37 (3.9) | 45 (5.7) | 52 (5.1) | 97 (7.2) |
| M. fortuitum-smegmatis group | 202 (4.9) | 57 (6.0) | 48 (6.1) | 34 (3.3) | 63 (4.6) |
| M. malmoense | 168 (4.1) | 38 (4.0) | 45 (5.7) | 54 (5.3) | 31 (2.3) |
| M. marinum | 128 (3.1) | 23 (2.4) | 25 (3.2) | 41 (4.0) | 39 (2.9) |
| M. celatum group | 117 (2.8) | 13 (1.4) | 19 (2.4) | 45 (4.4) | 40 (3.0) |
| M. kansasii | 81 (2.0) | 11 (1.2) | 12 (1.5) | 32 (3.1) | 26 (1.9) |
| M. simiae complex | 43 (1.0) | 11 (1.2) | 10 (1.3) | 15 (1.5) | 7 (0.5) |
| M. parascrofulaceum/scrofulaceum | 40 (1.0) | 10 (1.1) | 3 (0.4) | 10 (1.0) | 17 (1.3) |
| M. szulgai | 39 (0.9) | 7 (0.7) | 10 (1.3) | 12 (1.2) | 10 (0.7) |
| M. interjectum | 22 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.6) | 8 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) |
| M. terrae group | 18 (0.4) | 6 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) | 5 (0.5) | 4 (0.3) |
| M. phocaicum/mucogenicum | 17 (0.4) | 0 | 7 (0.9) | 3 (0.3) | 7 (0.5) |
| Other§ |
195 (4.7) |
48 (5.1) |
78 (9.8) |
38 (3.7) |
31 (2.3) |
| Clinical significance | |||||
| Isolation | 905 (22) | 216 (23) | 212 (27) | 202 (20) | 275 (20) |
| Possible disease | 1,060 (26) | 111 (12) | 132 (17) | 258 (25) | 559 (41) |
| Definite disease | 2,158 (52) | 621 (66) | 449 (57) | 567 (55) | 521 (38) |
*All values are no. (%). †Patients with samples from both pulmonary and extrapulmonary locations were categorized as having disseminated disease. ‡Species were grouped by using phylogenetic classifications described by Tortoli et al. (7). §Defined as Mycobacteria spp. and species with <15 cases reported throughout the study period.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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