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Volume 31, Number 1—January 2025
Research

Ongoing Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, 2023–2024

Ahmed M. Hassan1, Barbara Mühlemann1, Tagreed L. Al-Subhi, Jordi Rodon, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Ziad Memish, Julia Melchert, Tobias Bleicker, Tiina Mauno, Stanley Perlman, Alimuddin Zumla, Terry C. Jones, Marcel A. Müller, Victor M. Corman, Christian Drosten2Comments to Author , and Esam I. Azhar2Comments to Author 
Author affiliation: King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.M. Hassan, T.L. Al-Subhi, S.A. El-Kafrawy, E.I. Azhar); Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (B. Mühlemann, J. Rodon, J. Melchert, T. Bleicker, T. Mauno, T.C. Jones, M.A. Müller, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten); German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (B. Mühlemann, J. Melchert, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten); Ministry of Health and Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Z. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z. Memish); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (S. Perlman); University College London, London, UK (A. Zumla); University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London (A. Zumla); University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (T.C. Jones)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic analyses of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) clade B5-2023 sequences from Saudi Arabia, 2023–2024. Trees were constructed using the maximum-likelihood method. Each tree is rooted with MERS-CoV B5 lineage sequence from 2019 (GenBank accession no. OL622036.1); numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap support. Colored circles indicate B5-2023.1–5 subclades. A) Phylogenetic tree of complete MERS-CoV B5-2023 genomes. B) Phylogenetic tree of spike sequences of MERS-CoV B5-2023 genomes. Amino acid substitutions in the spike protein relative to those of OL622036.1 are indicated on the branches except for substitutions T387P and I743S, which are unique to OL622036.1. The reversion of the R1179–I1180 deletion and V1181I substitution in Al Duwadimi/P6–25 is most likely caused by a recombination event (Appendix 1 Figure 2, panel G). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic analyses of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) clade B5-2023 sequences from Saudi Arabia, 2023–2024. Trees were constructed using the maximum-likelihood method. Each tree is rooted with MERS-CoV B5 lineage sequence from 2019 (GenBank accession no. OL622036.1); numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap support. Colored circles indicate B5-2023.1–5 subclades. A) Phylogenetic tree of complete MERS-CoV B5-2023 genomes. B) Phylogenetic tree of spike sequences of MERS-CoV B5-2023 genomes. Amino acid substitutions in the spike protein relative to those of OL622036.1 are indicated on the branches except for substitutions T387P and I743S, which are unique to OL622036.1. The reversion of the R1179–I1180 deletion and V1181I substitution in Al Duwadimi/P6–25 is most likely caused by a recombination event (Appendix 1 Figure 2, panel G). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

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