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Volume 31, Number 2—February 2025
Research

Global Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Unknown Cause Identified by Open-Source Intelligence, 2020–2022

Damian Honeyman, Deepti Gurdasani, Adriana Notaras, Zubair Akhtar, Jared Edgeworth, Aye Moa, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Ashley Quigley, Samsung Lim, and Chandini Raina MacIntyreComments to Author 
Author affiliation: The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (D. Honeyman, D. Gurdasani, A. Notaras, Z. Akhtar, J. Edgeworth, A. Moa, A.A. Chughtai, A. Quigley, S. Lim, C.R. MacIntyre); University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (D. Gurdasani); Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (D. Gurdasani); Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA (C.R. MacIntyre)

Main Article

Table 2

Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in study of global epidemiology of outbreaks of unknown cause identified by open-source intelligence, 2020–2022

Inclusion criteria: all criteria must be met Exclusion criteria: any 1 criterion must be met
Article describes a syndromic outbreak in humans or animals. Article does not describe a syndromic outbreak, and case numbers not mentioned.
Title contains >1 search term, and article published Dec 31, 2019–Jan 1, 2023. Infectious or noninfectious cause of syndrome identified in article.
Article includes case numbers and location. Article not accessible.
Cause of syndrome is unknown, and article describes an outbreak in <3 countries. Article outlines routine monthly, quarterly, or annual syndromic surveillance.
Article outlines multicountry (>3) syndromic outbreaks.

Main Article

Page created: January 15, 2025
Page updated: January 21, 2025
Page reviewed: January 21, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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