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Volume 31, Number 6—June 2025
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden of Rickettsiosis, Cambodia, 2007–2020
Gerard C. Kelly, Agus Rachmat, Long Khanh Tran, Chonthida Supaprom, Hip Phireak, Satharath Prom, Heng Sopheab, Nora Cleary, Michael von Fricken, Christina M. Farris, and Andrew G. Letizia
Table 2
Characteristics of study participants and seroprevalence of rickettsial infection by type among patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness tested for rickettsioses at health facilities as part of study of rickettsiosis in Cambodia, 2007–2020*
| Category | Total tested, no. (%)‡ | Negative, no. (%)† | Positive, no. (%)† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STG | TG | SFG | All rickettsiae | |||
| Participants |
10,243 (100) |
9,441 (92.1) |
136 (1.3) |
557 (5.4) |
154 (1.5) |
802 (7.8) |
| Age group, y | ||||||
| <15 | 4,111 (40.1) | 3,993 (97.1) | 28 (0.7) | 74 (1.8) | 22 (0.5) | 118 (2.9) |
| 16–25 | 1,805 (17.6) | 1,637 (90.7) | 36 (2.0) | 107 (5.9) | 38 (2.1) | 168 (9.3) |
| 26–35 | 1,763 (17.2) | 1,619 (91.8) | 17 (1.0) | 97 (5.5) | 36 (2.0) | 144 (8.2) |
| 36–45 | 1,096 (10.7) | 940 (85.8) | 13 (1.2) | 120 (10.9) | 32 (2.9) | 156 (14.2) |
| >46 |
1,468 (14.3) |
1,252 (85.3) |
42 (2.9) |
159 (10.8) |
26 (1.8) |
216 (14.7) |
| Sex | ||||||
| F | 4,936 (48.2) | 4,601 (93.2) | 68 (1.4) | 221 (4.5) | 62 (1.3) | 335 (6.8) |
| M |
5,307 (51.8) |
4,840 (91.2) |
68 (1.3) |
336 (6.3) |
92 (1.7) |
467 (8.8) |
| Education | 6,182 (60.4) | 5,653 (91.4) | 91 (1.5) | 376 (6.1) | 86 (1.4) | 529 (8.6) |
| Lower primary school | 2,224 (21.7) | 2,062 (92.7) | 29 (1.3) | 110 (4.9) | 38 (1.7) | 162 (7.3) |
| Primary school | 938 (9.2) | 875 (93.3) | 6 (0.6) | 40 (4.3) | 19 (2.0) | 63 (6.7) |
| Lower secondary school | 816 (8.0) | 770 (94.4) | 10 (1.2) | 29 (3.6) | 11 (1.3) | 46 (5.6) |
| High school | 83 (0.8) | 81 (97.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
| Diploma or university |
||||||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Unemployed | 8,907 (87.0) | 8,164 (91.7) | 115 (1.3) | 521 (5.8) | 149 (1.7) | 743 (8.3) |
| Employed |
1,336 (13.0) |
1,277 (95.6) |
21 (1.6) |
36 (2.7) |
5 (0.4) |
59 (4.4) |
| Season | ||||||
| Dry, Nov–Apr | 4,497 (43.9) | 4,139 (92.0) | 49 (1.1) | 251 (5.6) | 78 (1.7) | 358 (8.0) |
| Wet, May–Oct |
5,746 (56.1) |
5,302 (92.3) |
87 (1.5) |
306 (5.3) |
76 (1.3) |
444 (7.7) |
| Area | ||||||
| Rural | 5,331 (52.0) | 4,875 (91.4) | 67 (1.3) | 330 (6.2) | 70 (1.3) | 456 (8.6) |
| Urban |
4,912 (48.0) |
4,566 (93.0) |
69 (1.4) |
227 (4.6) |
84 (1.7) |
346 (7.0) |
| Had traveled | ||||||
| No | 8,872 (86.6) | 8,235 (92.8) | 115 (1.3) | 433 (4.9) | 121 (1.4) | 637 (7.2%) |
| Yes |
1,371 (13.4) |
1,206 (88.0) |
21 (1.5) |
124 (9.0) |
33 (2.4) |
165 (12.0%) |
| Traveled to forest | ||||||
| No | 7,508 (73.3) | 7,112 (94.7) | 97 (1.3) | 231 (3.1) | 100 (1.3) | 396 (5.3) |
| Yes |
2,735 (26.7) |
2,329 (85.2) |
39 (1.4) |
326 (11.9) |
54 (2.0) |
406 (14.8) |
| Terrestrial ecosystem | ||||||
| Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests | 869 (8.5) | 840 (96.7) | 7 (0.8) | 10 (1.2) | 13 (1.5) | 29 (3.3) |
| Cardamom Mountains rain forests | 292 (2.8) | 287 (98.3) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.7) |
| Central Indochina dry forests | 6,791 (66.3) | 6,135 (90.3) | 95 (1.4) | 482 (7.1) | 114 (1.7) | 656 (9.7) |
| Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests |
2,291 (22.4) |
2,179 (95.1) |
32 (1.4) |
62 (2.7) |
26 (1.1) |
112 (4.9) |
| Antibiotic use in past 30 d | ||||||
| No | 9,736 (95.0) | 8,979 (92.2) | 129 (1.3) | 523 (5.4) | 149 (1.5) | 757 (7.8) |
| Yes | 507 (5.0) | 462 (91.1) | 7 (1.4) | 34 (6.7) | 5 (1.0) | 45 (8.9) |
*SFG, spotted fever group; STG, scrub typhus group; TG, typhus group. †Percentages of participants by category. ‡Percentages of total participants.
Page created: March 18, 2025
Page updated: May 27, 2025
Page reviewed: May 27, 2025
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