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Volume 31, Number 6—June 2025

Dispatch

High Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Southeastern Sudan

Mariangela L’Episcopia, Albadawi A. Talha, Bakri Y.M. Nour, Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed Sana, Emmanuelle Caspar, Lucas Thiebaut, Lucien Platon, Buze Chala, Laurence Ma, Lemu Golassa, Edvige Perrotti, Carlo Severini, and Didier Menard
Author affiliation: Istituto superiore di sanità, Rome, Italy (M. L’Episcopia, E. Perrotti, C. Severini); Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia (A.A. Talha); University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan (B.Y.M. Nour, I.M.A. Sana); University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (E. Caspar, L. Thiebaut, L. Platon, D. Menard); Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (B. Chala, L. Golassa); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (L. Ma, D. Menard); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (D. Menard); Institut Universitaire de France, Paris (D. Menard)

Main Article

Table 2

Genetic backgrounds associated with antimalarial drug resistance and polymorphisms of hrp2/3 genes of Pfkelch13 R622 and 622I isolates collected from patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria before treatment from Al Jazirah and Al Qadarif, Sudan, 2017*

Gene
 Allele
 Al Jazirah
 p value
 Al Qadarif
 p value
 Total
 p value
R622
 622I
 R622
 622I
 R622
 622I
No. samples
 NA
 126
 44
 NA
 75
 12
 NA
 201
 56
 NA
Pfcrt
 CVMNKTHFIMCGI NA 93 (74) 31 (71) 0.2
 39 (52) 5 (42) 0.005
 132 (65.7) 36 (64.3) 0.01
CVIETTHFIMCGI 74I/75E/76T 33 (26) 12 (27) 35 (47) 5 (42) 68 (33.8) 17 (30.4)
CVIETSHFIMCGI 74I/75E/76T/93S 0 0 1 (1) 0 1 (0.5) 0
CVIETTHFIMCGT
 74I/75E/76T/356T
 0
 1 (2)
 0
 2 (17)
 0
 3 (5.4)
Pfmdr-1
 NYSND NA 11 (9) 3 (7) 0.3
 10 (13) 1 (8) 0.6
 21 (10.4) 4 (7.1) 0.2
YYSND 86Y 0 1 (2) 0 0 0 1 (1.8)
NFSND 184F 73 (58) 31 (70) 41(55) 9 (75) 114 (56.7) 40 (71.4)
NYCND 1034C 5 (4) 0 3 (4) 0 8 (4.0) 0
YFSND 86Y/184F 15 (12) 5 (11) 9 (12) 0 24 (11.9) 5 (8.9)
NFCND 184F/1034C 19 (15) 3 (7) 9 (12) 2 (17) 28 (13.9) 5 (8.9)
YFCND
 86Y/184F/1034C
 3 (2)
 1 (2)
 3 (4)
 0
 6 (3.0)
 1 (1.8)
dhfr
 ACNCSI NA 28 (22) 21 (48) 0.06
 10 (13) 2 (17) 0.6
 38 (18.9) 23 (41.1) 0.01
ACICSI 51I 15 (12) 4 (9) 8 (11) 1 (8) 23 (14.4) 5 (8.9)
ACNCNI 108N 21 (17) 7 (16) 2 (3) 2 (17) 23 (14.4) 9 (16.1)
ACICNI 51I/108N 48 (38) 10 (23) 44 (59) 7 (58) 92 (45.8) 17 (30.4)
ACIRSI 51I/59R 4 (3) 0 1 (1) 0 5 (2.5) 0
ACNRNI 59R/108N 2 (2) 0 0 0 2 (1.0) 0
ACIRNI
 51I/59R/108N
 8 (6)
 2 (5)
 10 (13)
 0
 18 (9.0)
 2 (3.6)
dhps
 SAKAA NA 99 (79) 32 (73) 0.8
 30 (40) 6 (50) 0.7
 129 (64.2) 38 (67.9) 0.8
SGKAA 437G 18 (14) 9 (20) 28 (37) 4 (33) 46 (22.9) 13 (23.2)
SAEAA 540E 6 (5) 2 (5) 14 (19) 1 (8) 20 (10.0) 3 (5.4)
SAKAS 613S 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (0.5) 0
AGKAA 436A/437G 2 (2) 1 (2) 2 (3) 1 (8) 4 (2.0) 2 (3.6)
AAKAS
 436A/613S
 0
 0
 1 (1)
 0
 1 (0.5)
 0
hrp no deletion NA 112 (89) 35 (80) 0.1 56 (75) 7 (58) 0.3 168 (83.6) 42 (75.0) 0.09
hrp2 deletion NA 1 (1) 0 0 0 1 (0.5) 0
hrp3 deletion NA 11 (9) 5 (11) 15 (20) 3 (25) 26 (12.9) 8 (14.3)
hrp2/3 deletion NA 2 (2) 4 (9) 4 (5) 2 6 (3.0) 6 (10.7)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. p values are the differences in proportions between Pfkelch13 R622 and Pfkelch13 622I parasites. NA, not available.

Main Article

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