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Volume 31, Number 8—August 2025
Research Letter
Nipah Virus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines, 2013–2022
Table
Neutralizing antibody titers (10) in serum samples from 13 bat species for Nipah virus antibodies in bats, the Philippines, 2013–2022*
Bat species | No. positive/no. tested using pVSV-SNT |
No. positive/no. tested using PaV RT-PCR |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 4 | Site 5 | Site 6 | Site 1 | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 4 | Site 5 | Site 6 | ||
Cynopterus luzoniensis | 0/41 | 0/25 | 0/22 | NA | NA | NA | 0/28 | ND | 0/17† | NA | NA | NA | |
Eonycteris spelaea | 0/3 | NA | 0/2 | NA | 0/13 | NA | 0/3 | NA | 0/2† | NA | 0/13 | NA | |
Haplonycteris fischeri | 0/1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Macroglossus minimus | 0/1 | NA | 0/9 | 0/1 | NA | NA | ND | NA | 0/6† | 0/1 | NA | NA | |
Ptenochirus jagori | 0/63 | 0/22 | 0/17 | NA | NA | NA | 0/63 | ND | 0/12† | NA | NA | NA | |
Rousettus amplexicaudatus | 0/5 | NA | 0/3 | NA | 0/44 | 0/19 | 0/5 | NA | 0/1† | NA | 0/46 | 0/20 | |
Hipposideros coronatus | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0/1† | NA | NA | NA | |
Hipposideros diadema | NA | NA | 4/23 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0/24† | NA | NA | NA | |
Hipposideros obscurus | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0/9† | NA | NA | NA | |
Hipposideros pygmaeus | NA | NA | 0/1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | |
Rhinolophus arcuatus | NA | NA | 0/1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0/1† | NA | NA | NA | |
Miniopterus eschscholtzii | NA | NA | 0/3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | |
Scotophilus kuhlii | NA | 0/7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ND | NA | NA | NA | NA |
*Site 1, Laguna 2022; site 2, Naga 2019; site 3, Siargao 2019; site 4, Baguio district 2013 (in Davao City); site 5, Samal and Talicud 2013; site 6, Lavigan 2013 (in Governor Generoso Municipality). NA, not applicable; ND, not done; PaV, paramyxovirus; pVSV-SNT, serum neutralizing test using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirus expressing the Nipah virus surface proteins (9); RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR. †RT-PCRs were performed by using RNAs extracted from spleen and not from serum samples.
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