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Volume 31, Number 8—August 2025

Research

Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) Viruses in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023–2024

Ye-Ram Seo1, Andrew Y. Cho1, Dong-Ju Kim1, Young-Jae Si, Hye-sung Jeong, Su-woong Lee, Chang-Seon Song, and Dong-Hun LeeComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea (Y.-R. Seo, A.Y. Cho, C.-S. Song, D.-H. Lee); National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju, South Korea (D.-J. Kim, Y.-J. Si, H.-S. Jeong, S.-W Lee)

Main Article

Figure 4

Transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) viruses in wild birds, South Korea and Asia, 2023–2024. A, B) Transmission dynamics inferred using the hemagglutinin gene of H5N1 (A) and H5N6 (B) viruses, incorporating the host trait. C) Transmission dynamics inferred using the hemagglutinin genes of both HPAI H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b and H5N6 viruses. Arrows represent the direction of the viral transmission; annotated values represent Bayes factors. Thick arrow indicates a strongly supported route (Bayes factor >20, posterior probability >0.8). Orange indicates the largest source trait.

Figure 4. Transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) viruses in wild birds, South Korea and Asia, 2023–2024. A, B) Transmission dynamics inferred using the hemagglutinin gene of H5N1 (A) and H5N6 (B) viruses, incorporating the host trait. C) Transmission dynamics inferred using the hemagglutinin genes of both HPAI H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b and H5N6 viruses. Arrows represent the direction of the viral transmission; annotated values represent Bayes factors. Thick arrow indicates a strongly supported route (Bayes factor >20, posterior probability >0.8). Orange indicates the largest source trait.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

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