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Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026

Research Letter

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype 5 in Cetaceans, Brazil

Alanis S. MelgarejoComments to Author , Mauricio Tavares, Derek B. de Amorim, Sergio C. Estima, Andrine Paiva, Caio R. Soares-Oliveira, Liane A. Dias, Renan C. de Lima, Silvina Botta, Eduardo R. Secchi, Barbara A. Davila, Carlos de Oliveira, Larissa S. Heinzelmann, Martha T. Oliveira, Vitor L. Carvalho, Aline R. Souza, Salvatore Siciliano, Paula Baldassin, Greicy F. Ruenes, Paulo H. Ott, Luciana Sonne, Ana C. Franco, and Larissa R. Oliveira
Author affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (A.S. Melgarejo, M. Tavares, D.B. de Amorim, M.T. Oliveira, L. Sonne, A.C. Franco); Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rio Grande, Brazil (S. C. Estima, A. Paiva, C.R. Soares-Oliveira); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande (L.A. Dias, R.C. de Lima, S. Botta, E.R. Secchi); Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil (B.A. Davila, C. de Oliveira, L.S. Heinzelmann); Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Brazil (V.L. Carvalho, A.R. Souza, L.R. Oliveira); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S. Siciliano); Grupo de Estudos da Região dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro (S. Siciliano, G.F. Ruenes); Instituto BW para a Conservação e Medicina da Fauna Marinha, Araruama, Brazil (P. Baldassin); Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Osório, Brazil (P.H. Ott); Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (P.H. Ott, L.R. Oliveira); Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab, Fortaleza, Brazil (L.R. Oliveira).

Main Article

Figure 1

Temporal and spatial distribution of cetacean species collected along the coast of Brazil during a study of influenza A virus from November 2023–August 2025. A–D) Sampling locations along the coast of Brazil. Insets show sampling locations in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (B), Rio de Janeiro (C) , and Ceará (D). Each dot represents an analyzed sample from the cetacean. E) Temporal distribution of sampled cetaceans. Each point represents an individual animal; red points indicate detection of influenza A virus matrix gene RNA, and blue points indicate no detectable viral RNA.

Figure 1. Temporal and spatial distribution of cetacean species collected along the coast of Brazil during a study of influenza A virus from November 2023–August 2025. A–D) Sampling locations along the coast of Brazil. Insets show sampling locations in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (B), Rio de Janeiro (C) , and Ceará (D). Each dot represents an analyzed sample from the cetacean. E) Temporal distribution of sampled cetaceans. Each point represents an individual animal; red points indicate detection of influenza A virus matrix gene RNA, and blue points indicate no detectable viral RNA.

Main Article

Page created: June 16, 2026
Page updated: September 21, 2026
Page reviewed: September 21, 2026
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