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Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026

Research Letter

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype 5 in Cetaceans, Brazil

Alanis S. MelgarejoComments to Author , Mauricio Tavares, Derek B. de Amorim, Sergio C. Estima, Andrine Paiva, Caio R. Soares-Oliveira, Liane A. Dias, Renan C. de Lima, Silvina Botta, Eduardo R. Secchi, Barbara A. Davila, Carlos de Oliveira, Larissa S. Heinzelmann, Martha T. Oliveira, Vitor L. Carvalho, Aline R. Souza, Salvatore Siciliano, Paula Baldassin, Greicy F. Ruenes, Paulo H. Ott, Luciana Sonne, Ana C. Franco, and Larissa R. Oliveira
Author affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (A.S. Melgarejo, M. Tavares, D.B. de Amorim, M.T. Oliveira, L. Sonne, A.C. Franco); Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rio Grande, Brazil (S. C. Estima, A. Paiva, C.R. Soares-Oliveira); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande (L.A. Dias, R.C. de Lima, S. Botta, E.R. Secchi); Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil (B.A. Davila, C. de Oliveira, L.S. Heinzelmann); Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Brazil (V.L. Carvalho, A.R. Souza, L.R. Oliveira); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (S. Siciliano); Grupo de Estudos da Região dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro (S. Siciliano, G.F. Ruenes); Instituto BW para a Conservação e Medicina da Fauna Marinha, Araruama, Brazil (P. Baldassin); Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Osório, Brazil (P.H. Ott); Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil (P.H. Ott, L.R. Oliveira); Marine Vertebrate Evolution and Conservation Lab, Fortaleza, Brazil (L.R. Oliveira).

Main Article

Figure 2

Influenza A viral RNA detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in stranded cetaceans from Brazil, November 2023–August 2025. A) Influenza A virus M gene RNA concentration (copies/µL) in positive animals by sample type. B) H5 subtype RNA concentrations (copies/µL) in cetaceans positive for H5 influenza A virus by sample type. ID, identification; M, matrix.

Figure 2. Influenza A viral RNA detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in stranded cetaceans from Brazil, November 2023–August 2025. A) Influenza A virus M gene RNA concentration (copies/µL) in positive animals by sample type. B) H5 subtype RNA concentrations (copies/µL) in cetaceans positive for H5 influenza A virus by sample type. ID, identification; M, matrix.

Main Article

Page created: June 16, 2026
Page updated: September 21, 2026
Page reviewed: September 21, 2026
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