Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Meta-analysis of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever during Pregnancy
Bahar Donk, Deniz Güllü, Ahmet Mirhan Cırık, Handan Alay, Faruk Karakeçili, Kemalettin Özden, Fatma Kesmez Can, Orçun Barkay, Natalia Pshenichnaya, and Önder Ergönül
Table 1
Characteristics of patients from a meta-analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever during pregnancy*
| Characteristics | Value |
|---|---|
| Reported country, n = 55 | |
| Turkey | 24 (43.6) |
| Iran | 10 (18.2) |
| Russia | 8 (14.5) |
| Iraq | 5 (9.1) |
| Kazakhstan | 3 (5.4) |
| Mauritania | 2 (3.6) |
| South Africa | 1 (1.8) |
| Bulgaria | 1 (1.8) |
| Kosovo |
1 (1.8) |
| Tick bite history, n = 30 | |
| Y | 20 (66.7) |
| N |
10 (33.3) |
| Median (IQR) maternal age at infection, y; n = 37 |
26 (20.5–30) |
| Median (IQR) gestational age at infection, wks; n = 40 |
21 (16–34) |
| Trimester at infection, n = 40 | |
| First | 7 (17.5) |
| Second | 16 (40.0) |
| Third |
17 (42.5) |
| Clinical signs and symptoms at initial admission, n = 55 | |
| Fever | 41 (74.5) |
| Myalgia | 21 (38.2) |
| Abdominal pain | 4 (7.3) |
| Nausea and vomiting | 11 (20.0) |
| Headache | 15 (27.3) |
| Rash | 10 (18.2) |
| Malaise | 9 (16.4) |
| Chills | 11 (20.0) |
| Loss of appetite | 8 (14.5) |
| Somnolence | 1 (1.8) |
| Vaginal bleeding | 13 (23.6) |
| Mucosal hemorrhage other than vaginal bleeding | 22 (40.0) |
| Free fluid on abdominal ultrasonography |
2 (3.6) |
| Diagnostic method, n = 47 | |
| PCR | 20 (42.6) |
| ELISA | 3 (6.4) |
| PCR and ELISA | 17 (36.2) |
| Clinical | 3 (6.4) |
| Autopsy |
3 (6.4) |
| Maternal death by trimester, n = 52 | 15 (28.8) |
| First | 0 |
| Second | 3 (18.8) |
| Third | 5 (31.3) |
| Unknown |
7 (53.8) |
| Fetal death by trimester, n = 54 | 31 (57.4) |
| First, n = 7 | 5 (71.4) |
| Second, n = 16 | 5 (31.3) |
| Third, n = 17 | 9 (52.9) |
| Unknown, n =14 |
12 (85.7) |
| Concurrent maternal and fetal death, n = 33 |
11 (33.3) |
| Median (IQR) gestational age at delivery, wks; n = 19 |
38 (37–40) |
| CCHF status of fetus, no. | |
| IgM-negative | 4 |
| IgM-positive | 1 |
| PCR-positive | 4 |
| PCR-negative | 3 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. CCHF, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; IQR, interquartile range.
Page created: August 05, 2026
Page updated: September 28, 2026
Page reviewed: September 28, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.