Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Serologic Assessment of Public Health Action Needed for Trachoma, Coastal Ecuador, 2021–2024
Everlyn Kamau, Lesly Simbaña, Stuart Torres, Nikolina Walas, Gretchen Cooley, Chabier Coleman, E. Brook Goodhew, Diana L. Martin, Hadley Burroughs, Manuel Calvopiña, William Cevallos, Sandra Vivero, Victoria Nipaz, Josefina Coloma, Gwenyth O. Lee, Gabriel Trueba, Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, Karen Levy, and Benjamin F. Arnold
Author affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Kamau, N. Walas, H. Burroughs, B.F. Arnold); Universidad de San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador (L. Simbaña, S. Torres, V. Nipaz, G. Trueba); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (G. Cooley, C. Coleman, E.B. Goodhew, D.L. Martin); Universidad de las Americas, Quito (M. Calvopiña); Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito (W. Cevallos, S. Vivero); University of California, Berkeley, California, USA (J. Coloma); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA (G.O. Lee); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (J.N.S. Eisenberg); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (K. Levy)
Main Article
Figure 1

Figure 1. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 IgG in rural areas and Borbón (commercial center) in Esmeraldas Province in study of serologic assessment of public health action needed for trachoma, coastal Ecuador, 2021–2024. A) Number of samples according to age and community type. A total of 2,801 samples were collected from 1,243 children who were 0–15 years of age; 790 samples were from 401 children 1–5 years of age. B) Seroprevalence according to age and community type estimated by using locally weighted regression, trimmed to 1–14 years of age to reduce edge effects. C) Seroprevalence among all children who were 0–15 years of age in Borbón and 9 rural villages. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Pgp3, plasma gene protein 3.
Main Article
Page created: September 16, 2026
Page updated: October 02, 2026
Page reviewed: October 02, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.