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Volume 32, Number 2—February 2026

Synopsis

Life-Threatening SARS-CoV-2–Associated Encephalopathy and Multiorgan Failure in Children, Asia and Oceania, 2022–2024

Mariko Kasai1, Hiroshi SakumaComments to Author , Motomasa Suzuki1, Masahiro Nishiyama1, Nanako Kawata1, Jainn-Jim Lin1, Kuang-Lin Lin, Velda Han, Shekeeb S. Mohammad, Russell C. Dale, Terrence Thomas, Kazuhiro Muramatsu, Osamu Mitani, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Kouhei Ishida, Yuichi Abe, Ichiro Kuki, and Jun-ichi Takanashi
Author affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (M. Kasai, H. Sakuma); Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan (M. Suzuki); Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Japan (M. Nishiyama); Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo (N. Kawata); Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (J.-J. Lin, K.-L. Lin); Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, Singapore (V. Han); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (V. Han); Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (V. Han, S.S. Mohammad, R.C. Dale); KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore (T. Thomas); Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (K. Muramatsu); Fukuyama City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (O. Mitani); Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima (Y. Kobayashi); Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (K. Ishida); National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo (Y. Abe); Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan (I. Kuki); Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba, Japan (J. Takanashi)

Main Article

Figure 3

Flow diagram for scoping review of SARS-CoV-2 ASEM/AFCE cases from the literature via PubMed for study of life-threatening SARS-CoV-2–associated encephalopathy and multiorgan failure in children, Asia and Oceania, 2022–2024. AFCE, acute fulminant cerebral edema; ASEM, acute shock with encephalopathy and multiorgan failure.

Figure 3. Flow diagram for scoping review of SARS-CoV-2 ASEM/AFCE cases from the literature via PubMed for study of life-threatening SARS-CoV-2–associated encephalopathy and multiorgan failure in children, Asia and Oceania, 2022–2024. AFCE, acute fulminant cerebral edema; ASEM, acute shock with encephalopathy and multiorgan failure.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: January 22, 2026
Page updated: February 09, 2026
Page reviewed: February 09, 2026
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