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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 2—February 2026

Genomic Analysis of Doxycycline Resistance–Associated 16S rRNA Mutations in Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum

George S. Long, Mackenzie Neale, Thomas Braukmann, Vanessa Tran, Nishant Singh, Vanessa Allen, Muhammad Morshed, Jessica Minion, Paul Van Caeseele, Maud Vallée, Todd Hatchette, Samir N. Patel, Raymond S.W. Tsang, and Venkata R. Duvvuri

Author affiliation: Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S. Long, T. Braukmann, V. Tran, N. Singh, V. Allen, S.N. Patel, V.R. Duvvuri); Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (M. Neale, R.S.W. Tsang); University of Toronto, Toronto (T. Braukmann, V. Tran, V. Allen, S.N. Patel, V.R. Duvvuri); Sinai Health and University Health Network, Toronto (V. Allen); British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M. Morshed); University of British Columbia, Vancouver (M. Morshed); Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (J. Minion); University of Saskatchewan, Regina (J. Minion); Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg (P. Van Caeseele); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (P. Van Caeseele); Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada (M. Vallée); Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (T. Hatchette); York University, Toronto (V.R. Duvvuri)

Main Article

Conversion of key tetracycline-related mutations to 16S coordinates in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in genomic analysis of doxycycline resistance–associated 16S rRNA mutations in T. pallidum subsp. pallidum*

TPA	Position	964	965	966	967	968	969	970	971	1054	1055	1056	1057	1058	1059	1060	1061	1062
	Nichols	C	G	A	T	G	A	T	A	C	T	G	C	A	T	G	G	C
	SS14	C	G	A	T	G	A	T	A	C	T	G	C	A	T	G	G	C
C. acnes	Position	935	936	937	938	939	940	941	942	1025	1026	1027	1028	1029	1030	1031	1032	1033
	WT	C	G	A	T	G	C	A	A	G	T	G	C	A	T	G	G*	C
	Hypothetical AMR strain	C	G	A	T	G	C	A	A	G	T	G	C	A	T	G	c	C
E. coli	Position	962	963	964	965	966	967	968	969	1051	1052	1053	1054	1055	1056	1057	1058	1059
	WT	C	G	A*	T	G	C	A	A	C	T	G*	C*	A*	T	G	G	C
	Hypothetical AMR strain	C	G	G	T	G	C	A	A	C	T	a	t	g	T	G	G	C
H. pylori	Position	927	928	929	930	931	932	933	934	1021	1022	1023	1024	1025	1026	1027	1028	1029
	WT	C	G	A	A*	G*	A*	T	A	C	T	G	C	A	C	G	G	C
	Hypothetical AMR strain	C	G	A	g	t	c	T	A	C	T	G	C	A	C	G	G	C

*Alignment of 16S genes from E. coli (U00096.1, 4166659–4168200), C. acnes (NR_040847.1, 1–1486), H. pylori (CP003904.1, 1512657–1511157), and TPA (Nichols lineage: NC_010741.1:231287–232831 and SS14 lineage: NC_021508.1:231297–232845). Columns in gray indicate sites related to tetracycline resistance whereas cells with an asterisk reveal the reference bacteria and nucleotide. Lowercase letters indicate a mutation in comparison to the WT sequence. The final coordinates reported in this dispatch are for the TPA 16S rRNA gene. Flanking sites are shown to give additional context. AMR, antimicrobial resistant; TPA, Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum; WT, wild type.

Main Article

Page created: January 16, 2026

Page updated: February 09, 2026

Page reviewed: February 09, 2026

The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.

Volume 32, Number 2—February 2026

Dispatch

Genomic Analysis of Doxycycline Resistance–Associated 16S rRNA Mutations in Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum

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