Volume 32, Number 3—March 2026
Synopsis
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infection Outbreak in Acute Care Hospital, California, USA, 2022–20231
Table 2
Conditional logistic regression models on risk factors of interest for a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection outbreak in acute care hospital, California, USA, 2022–2023*
| Risk factors | No. (%) case-patients, n = 13 | No. (%) control-patients, n = 39 | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging procedures | |||
| Any CT†‡ | 13 (100) | 37 (94.9) | 0.81 (0.10–∞) |
| CT with contrast | 11 (91.7) | 23 (63.9) | 8.5 (0.9–78.2) |
| Ultrasound | 8 (61.5) | 23 (59.0) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) |
| MRI |
1 (7.7) |
9 (23.1) |
0.3 (0.03–2.3) |
| Injectable medications | |||
| Exposure to any contrast†§ | 13 (100) | 25 (64.1) | 12.0 (2.1–∞) |
| Fentanyl†* | 13 (100) | 24 (61.5) | 9.2 (1.8–∞) |
| Propofol | 12 (92.3) | 19 (48.7) | 12.2 (1.5–101.4) |
| Famotidine |
9 (69.2) |
29 (74.4) |
0.8 (0.2–3.0) |
| Locations | |||
| CT room 2 | 9 (69.2) | 15 (38.5) | 3.6 (0.9–14.7) |
| CT room 1 | 8 (61.5) | 23 (59.0) | 1.1 (0.3–3.6) |
| Critical care bay |
10 (76.9) |
26 (66.7) |
1.6 (0.4–6.9) |
| Procedures | |||
| Any procedure¶ | 10 (76.9) | 22 (56.4) | 2.6 (0.6–10.5) |
| Surgery | 7 (53.9) | 12 (30.8) | 2.6 (0.7–9.7) |
| Any transfusions | 7 (53.9) | 15 (38.5) | 1.9 (0.5–7.1) |
| Operating room procedure | 6 (46.2) | 12 (30.8) | 1.9 (0.5–6.8) |
| Interventional radiology procedure | 4 (30.8) | 12 (30.8) | 1.0 (0.2–4.2) |
| Bedside procedure |
4 (30.8) |
2 (5.1) |
10.2 (1.1–93.0) |
| Indwelling devices | |||
| Any tube# | 12 (92.3) | 30 (76.9) | 3.3 (0.4–28.3) |
| Peripheral line | 12 (92.3) | 36 (92.3) | 1.0 (0.06–16.0) |
| Mechanical ventilator | 10 (76.9) | 28 (71.8) | 1.3 (0.3–6.2) |
| Arterial line | 9 (69.2) | 13 (33.3) | 4.1 (1.1–16.2) |
| Central venous catheter | 8 (61.5) | 22 (56.4) | 1.2 (0.4–4.3) |
| Other indwelling device** |
7 (53.9) |
36 (92.3) |
0.12 (0.03–0.6) |
| Other factors | |||
| Presence of wound | 6 (46.2) | 20 (51.3) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) |
| Antibiotic drug exposure | 11 (84.6) | 32 (82.1) | 1.2 (0.2–7.0) |
*CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OR, odds ratio. †Exact odds ratio; median unbiased estimate and 1-sided p value. ‡Brain, chest, abdomen, pelvis, maxillofacial, spine, head and neck, and other CT imaging. §Contrast administered during CT or other interventional radiologic procedure, ¶Procedures were surgery, transfusions, procedures in an operating room, interventional radiology, or bedside procedures. #Nasogastric, orogastric, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy, and other tubes. **Suprapubic catheter, Foley catheter, dialysis line, surgical drain, or other devices.
1Preliminary results were presented at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Spring Conference; April 16–19, 2024; Houston, Texas, USA.