Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Volume 32, Number 3—March 2026
Synopsis
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infection Outbreak in Acute Care Hospital, California, USA, 2022–20231
Table 2
Conditional logistic regression models on risk factors of interest for a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection outbreak in acute care hospital, California, USA, 2022–2023*
| Risk factors | No. (%) case-patients, n = 13 | No. (%) control-patients, n = 39 | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging procedures | |||
| Any CT†‡ | 13 (100) | 37 (94.9) | 0.81 (0.10–∞) |
| CT with contrast | 11 (91.7) | 23 (63.9) | 8.5 (0.9–78.2) |
| Ultrasound | 8 (61.5) | 23 (59.0) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) |
| MRI |
1 (7.7) |
9 (23.1) |
0.3 (0.03–2.3) |
| Injectable medications | |||
| Exposure to any contrast†§ | 13 (100) | 25 (64.1) | 12.0 (2.1–∞) |
| Fentanyl†* | 13 (100) | 24 (61.5) | 9.2 (1.8–∞) |
| Propofol | 12 (92.3) | 19 (48.7) | 12.2 (1.5–101.4) |
| Famotidine |
9 (69.2) |
29 (74.4) |
0.8 (0.2–3.0) |
| Locations | |||
| CT room 2 | 9 (69.2) | 15 (38.5) | 3.6 (0.9–14.7) |
| CT room 1 | 8 (61.5) | 23 (59.0) | 1.1 (0.3–3.6) |
| Critical care bay |
10 (76.9) |
26 (66.7) |
1.6 (0.4–6.9) |
| Procedures | |||
| Any procedure¶ | 10 (76.9) | 22 (56.4) | 2.6 (0.6–10.5) |
| Surgery | 7 (53.9) | 12 (30.8) | 2.6 (0.7–9.7) |
| Any transfusions | 7 (53.9) | 15 (38.5) | 1.9 (0.5–7.1) |
| Operating room procedure | 6 (46.2) | 12 (30.8) | 1.9 (0.5–6.8) |
| Interventional radiology procedure | 4 (30.8) | 12 (30.8) | 1.0 (0.2–4.2) |
| Bedside procedure |
4 (30.8) |
2 (5.1) |
10.2 (1.1–93.0) |
| Indwelling devices | |||
| Any tube# | 12 (92.3) | 30 (76.9) | 3.3 (0.4–28.3) |
| Peripheral line | 12 (92.3) | 36 (92.3) | 1.0 (0.06, 16.0) |
| Mechanical ventilator | 10 (76.9) | 28 (71.8) | 1.3 (0.3–6.2) |
| Arterial line | 9 (69.2) | 13 (33.3) | 4.1 (1.1–16.2) |
| Central venous catheter | 8 (61.5) | 22 (56.4) | 1.2 (0.4–4.3) |
| Other indwelling device** |
7 (53.9) |
36 (92.3) |
0.12 (0.03–0.6) |
| Other factors | |||
| Presence of wound | 6 (46.2) | 20 (51.3) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) |
| Antibiotic drug exposure | 11 (84.6) | 32 (82.1) | 1.2 (0.2–7.0) |
*CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OR, odds ratio. †Exact odds ratio; median unbiased estimate and 1-sided p value. ‡Grain, chest, abdomen, pelvis, maxillofacial, spine, head and neck, and other CT imaging. §Contrast administered during CT or other interventional radiologic procedure, ¶Procedures were surgery, transfusions, procedures in an operating room, interventional radiology, or bedside procedures. #Nasogastric, orogastric, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy, and other tubes. **Suprapubic catheter, Foley catheter, dialysis line, surgical drain, or other devices.
1Preliminary results were presented at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Spring Conference; April 16–19, 2024; Houston, Texas, USA.