Early Release

Synopsis

• Life-Threatening SARS-CoV-2–Associated Encephalopathy and Multiorgan Failure in Children, Asia and Oceania, 2022–2024
  M. Kasai et al.

Research

• Predictors of Fatal Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Hospitalized for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Sonora, Mexico, 2004–2024
  S. Bellman et al. View Abstract

  The tickborne disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) remains life-threatening among children in northern Mexico. We retrospectively investigated 500 pediatric RMSF patients hospitalized in Sonora during 2004–2024. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic data to identify predictors of fatality by using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. We found that the overall case-fatality rate was 19.8%, decreasing over time from 31.4% (2004–2013) to 14.5% (2014–2024). Fatal outcomes were associated with delayed doxycycline treatment (>5 days after symptom onset), older age, Indigenous background, and abnormal laboratory markers. Among survivors, 16% had life-altering sequelae, including amputations and neurologic deficits. Cases occurred year-round, predominantly in urban settings. Timely doxycycline administration remains a critical factor in reducing mortality rates. Vulnerable populations, including persons living in poverty, children >10 years of age, and Indigenous communities, require targeted interventions. Strengthening early diagnosis and understanding mechanisms underlying severe disease and death could improve RMSF outcomes in endemic regions.

• Leptotrombidium imphalum as Vector for Scrub Typhus in Human Settlements, India, 2022–2023
  C. S. Devamani et al.
• Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Complications in Fatal Yellow Fever, Brazil, 2017–2019
  A. N. Duarte-Neto et al.
• Assessing Dengue Transmission Risk in Travelers Using Routine Surveillance Data
  K. Rysava et al.

Dispatches

• Retail Milk Monitoring of Influenza A(H5N1) in Dairy Cattle, United States, 2024–2025
  N. N. Tarbuck et al. View Abstract

  US retail milk monitoring during April 13–May 3, 2024, identified influenza A(H5N1) viral RNA in 36% of retail milk samples, indicating widespread undetected infections in US dairy cows. After federal initiatives, reported infections more closely aligned with findings in retail milk during December 27, 2024–January 29, 2025, reflecting improved detection and control.

• Genomic Analysis of Doxycycline Resistance–Associated 16S rRNA Mutations in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
  G. S. Long et al.
• Donor-Derived West Nile Virus Infection in Kidney Recipients, France
  A. Truffot et al.
• Characteristics and Transmission Dynamics among Global Travel-Related Mpox Cases Caused by Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus
  H. Laurenson-Schafer et al.
• Measles Outbreak Driven by Nosocomial Transmission, Armenia, February–July 2023
  K. Palayan et al.
• Desulfovibrio Bacteremia in Patients with Abdominal Infections, Japan, 2020–2025
  N. Watanabe et al.
• Rabies Reemergence, Central Europe, 2022–2024
  E. Robardet et al.
• Neospora caninum Infections in Marine Mammals Stranding in Northeastern Pacific Ocean
  S. A. Raverty et al.
• A Multiplex qPCR to Differentiate Monkeypox Virus Clades
  C. T. Williams et al.
• Effectiveness of RSV Vaccines against RSV-Associated Thromboembolic Events
  R. E. Wiegand et al.
• Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Transmission across Chicken Production and Distribution Networks, Vietnam
  M. Hennessey et al.
• Case of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Infection Linked to a Water Flosser
  C. Slekovec et al.
• Temporal Clustering of Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Encephalitis and Stroke in South Korea, 2024
  S. H. Song et al.
• Autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis Rat Lungworm Infections in Accidental and Definitive Hosts, San Diego, California, USA
  S. Nakagun et al.

Research Letters

• Airport Malaria Cluster in Certified Malaria-Free Country, Libya, 2024
  A. M. Alarbi et al.
• Severe Respiratory Diphtheria-Like Illness Caused by Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans
  R. Helleren et al.
• Monkeypox Virus Antibodies in Healthy Persons after Vaccination, United Kingdom
  V. H. Sheridan et al.
• Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Childbearing-Age Women, United States, 2007–2023
  N. Prasad et al.
• Serologic Investigation of Influenza D Virus in Cats and Dogs, Europe
  C. Trombetta et al.
• Severe Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Previously Vaccinated Patient during Acalabrutinib Treatment
  L. Rojek et al.
• Vaccine-like African Swine Fever Virus Strain in Domestic Pigs, Thailand, 2024
  T. Nguyen et al.

EIN Letter

• Candida auris Testing by the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network, United States, 2022–2023
  J. E. Laury et al.

Etymologia

• Mumps [muhmps]
  S. Mohan and A. Khan

Research

• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Seroprevalence among Urban Pregnant Women and Newborn Infants, Philadelphia, USA, 2021
  D. D. Flannery et al.

• Environmental and Phylogenetic Investigations of Aspergillus flavus Outbreak Linked to Contaminated Building Materials, Denmark, 2025
  A. Gewecke et al.

• Rethinking Leptospirosis Prevention, the Philippines
  R. V. Labana

• Detecting Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses through Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance, Cambodia
  W. W. Davis et al. View Abstract

  Of 19 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection detected during January 2023–March 2025 in Cambodia, 12 (63%) were detected directly by surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or indirectly by testing ill close contacts. SARI surveillance can supplement other surveillance sources for identifying H5N1 cases.