Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026

Research Letter

Detection of and Early Genomic Insights into Chikungunya Virus, Bolivia, 2025

Joel Alejandro Chuquimia Valdez1, Natalia R. Guimarães1, Vagner Fonseca1, Cleidy Orellana Mendoza, Sebastián Sasías Martínez, Sara Cândida F. Santos, Gilson Carlos Soares, Mariela Martínez Gómez, Leticia Franco, Lionel Gresh, Jairo Méndez-Rico, Luiz Carlos J. Alcantara2, Marta Giovanetti2Comments to Author , and Leidy Roxana Loayza Mafayle2
Author affiliation: Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (J.A.C. Valdez, C.O. Mendoza, S.S. Martinez, L.R. Loayza Mafayle); Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (N.R. Guimarães, S.C.F. Santos); Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte (N.R. Guimarães, S.C.F. Santos, L.C.J. Alcantara); Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V. Fonseca); Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (V. Fonseca); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.C.F. Santos, G.C. Soares); Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA (M. Martínez Gómez, L. Franco, L. Gresh, J. Méndez-Rico); Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy (M. Giovanetti); Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M. Giovanetti).

Main Article

Figure 2

Regional genetic diversity and temporal spread of the chikungunya virus outbreak in Bolivia within the Americas, 2025. A) Phylogenetic tree showing the placement of genomes from Bolivia within the broader diversity across the Americas. Tips are colored according to sampling origin, and sequences from Bolivia are highlighted. The genomes from Bolivia cluster in a well-supported group, consistent with local expansion. B) Time-scaled tree of the Bolivian clade illustrating temporal progression and geographic distribution across departments (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Tarija). Symbols indicate severe cases (including 1 encephalitis case and 1 fatal case). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Figure 2. Regional genetic diversity and temporal spread of the chikungunya virus outbreak in Bolivia within the Americas, 2025. A) Phylogenetic tree showing the placement of genomes from Bolivia within the broader diversity across the Americas. Tips are colored according to sampling origin, and sequences from Bolivia are highlighted. The genomes from Bolivia cluster in a well-supported group, consistent with local expansion. B) Time-scaled tree of the Bolivian clade illustrating temporal progression and geographic distribution across departments (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Tarija). Symbols indicate severe cases (including 1 encephalitis case and 1 fatal case). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: May 28, 2026
Page updated: June 24, 2026
Page reviewed: June 24, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external