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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Dispatch

Isolation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus from Fetal Bovine Serum, United States, 2025

Ana R. Rebelo1, Erica Butler1, Elizabeth Aguilera Nunez, Brittany Cronk, Jennifer Powers, Melissa Laverack, Chen Feng, Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Mia K. Torchetti, Leonardo C. Caserta, and Diego G. DielComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA (A.R. Rebelo, E. Butler, E. Aguilera Nunez, B. Cronk, J. Powers, M. Laverack, C. Feng, M. Nooruzzaman, L.C. Caserta, D.G. Diel); US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA (M.K. Torchetti)

Main Article

Figure 3

Heat inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in FBS, United States, 2025. FBS samples (1-mL aliquots) were spiked (107 TCID50/mL) with bovine highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus TX2/24 strain (clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13) and heat treated at 56°C for 30 minutes by using a water bath. Virus titers determined by endpoint dilutions in Cal-1 cells and expressed as TCID50/mL. Data represents observations (dots) from 3 independent experiments overlayed with the mean (horizontal line) +SEM (whiskers). FBS, fetal bovine serum; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose.

Figure 3. Heat inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in FBS, United States, 2025. FBS samples (1-mL aliquots) were spiked (107 TCID50/mL) with bovine highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus TX2/24 strain (clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13) and heat treated at 56°C for 30 minutes by using a water bath. Virus titers determined by endpoint dilutions in Cal-1 cells and expressed as TCID50/mL. Data represents observations (dots) from 3 independent experiments overlayed with the mean (horizontal line) +SEM (whiskers). FBS, fetal bovine serum; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 01, 2026
Page updated: July 27, 2026
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