Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Invasive Wickerhamomyces anomalus Infections among Injecting Drug Users, France, 2012–20241
Maxime Lefranc
2, Adrien Pain
2, Fréderic Dalle, Pierre Baudino, Claudio Plaisant, Taieb Chouaki, Josephine Dorin, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Julie Bonhomme, Maxime Moniot, Celia Rouges, Françoise Botterel, Gregoire Pasquier, Lilia Hasseine, Estelle Perraud-Cateau, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Laurence Delhaes, Damien Costa, Juliette Guitard, Alexandre Alanio, Valerie Letscher-Bru, Emilie Guemas, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Karine Boukris-Sitbon, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Sebastien Imbert
, and
WAIT-IV Study Group,3
Author affiliation: CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (M. Lefranc, P. Baudino, C. Plaisant, L. Delhaes, S. Imbert); Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (M. Lefranc, S. Imbert); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (A. Pain, K. Boukris-Sitbon, O. Lortholary, M. Desnos-Ollivier, F. Lanternier); CHU Dijon, Dijon, France (F. Dalle); CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France (T. Chouaki); CHU d’Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France (J. Dorin); CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France (A.-P. Bellanger); CHU Caen, Caen, France (J. Bonhomme); CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France (M. Moniot); AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris (C. Rouges); CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France (F. Botterel); CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (G. Pasquier); CHU Nice, Nice, France (L. Hasseine); CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France (E. Perraud-Cateau); CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France (J.-P. Gangneux); CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France (D. Costa); Sorbonne Universite, Paris (J. Guitard); Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris (J. Guitard); Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris (A. Alanio); Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (V. Letscher-Bru); CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France (E. Guemas); CHU de Tours, Tours, France (G. Desoubeaux)
Main Article
Figure 3
Figure 3. Genomewide loss of heterozygosity distribution across 6 chromosomes of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungi in study of invasive W. anomalus infections among injecting drug users, France, 2012–2024. We analyzed 53 W. anomalus isolates collected in this study and 11 publicly available genomes, grouped by phylogenetic clade. Chromosomes are CM033145.1 (A), CM033146.1 (B), CM033147.1 (C), CM033148.1 (D), CM033149.1 (E), and CM033150.1 (F). Red lines indicate clades. Black indicates loss of heterozygosity (LOH); gray, insufficient variant coverage; white (no color), heterozygosity. LOH patterns vary extensively within and between clades. Clade 1 (top) exhibits high levels of LOH and substantial variation between isolates. Other clades show more moderate and heterogeneous LOH distributions. Some isolates within a clade share similar patterns; others display distinct profiles.
Main Article
Page created: August 10, 2026
Page updated: August 17, 2026
Page reviewed: August 17, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.