Volume 7, Number 1—February 2001
Perspective
Pesticides and Public Health: Integrated Methods of Mosquito Management
Table
Pesticides used for mosquito control in the United States
Name | Trade Name | Formulationa | Application | Advantage | Limitation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temephos | Abate | G, EC | Larvae | Usually lowest cost | Nontarget effects, some resistance |
Methoprene | Altosid | G, B, P, LC | Larvae | Residual briquets, nontarget safety | Cannot be certain of performance until too late to retreat |
Oils | BVA, Golden Bear | Oil | Larvae, pupae | Acts on pupae | Oil film, subsurface larvae |
Monomolecular film | Agnique | Liquid | Larvae, pupae | Acts on pupae | Subsurface larvae |
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) | Aquabac, Bactimos, LarvX, Teknar, Dunks | WDG, AS, P, G, B | Larvae | Nontarget safety, Briquets control 30+ days | Short window of treatment opportunity, pupae |
Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) | VectoLex | G, WDG | Larvae | Nontarget safety | Pupae, only works in fresh water |
Malathion | Fyfanon, Atrapa, Prentox | ULV, thermal fog | Adults | Tolerances | OPa, some resistance |
Naled | Dibrom, Trumpet | ULV, EC,thermal fog | Adults | Tolerances | OP, corrosive |
Fenthion | Batex | ULV | Adults | None specified | OP, Florida only, RUPa, tolerances |
Permethrin | Permanone, AquaResilin, Biomist, Mosquito-Beater | ULV, thermal fog, clothing treatment | Adults, clothing treatment for ticks and mosquitoes | Low vertebrate toxicity | None specified |
Resmethrin | Scourge | ULV, thermal fog | Adults | Low vertebrate toxicity | RUP, no tolerance for residue on crops |
Sumithrin | Anvil | ULV,thermal fog | Adults | Low vertebrate toxicity | No tolerance |
Pyrethrins | Pyrenone, Pyronyl | ULV, EC | Adults, larvae | Natural pyrethrum, tolerances | May be costly |
aAS = Aqueous suspension; B = Briquets; EC = Emulsifiable concentrate; G = Granules; LC = Liquid concentrate; P = Pellets; ULV = Ultra low volume; WDG = Water-dispersible granule; OP = Organophospate insecticide; RUP = Restricted use product