Volume 7, Number 5—October 2001
Research
Clonal Expansion of Sequence Type (ST-)5 and Emergence of ST-7 in Serogroup A Meningococci, Africa
Pierre Nicolas
, Laurent Décousset, Vincent Riglet, Philippe Castelli, Richard Stor, and Guy Blanchet
, Laurent Décousset, Vincent Riglet, Philippe Castelli, Richard Stor, and Guy Blanchet
Table
Characteristics of 104 serogroup A meningococci isolated in Africa, from 1988 to 1999a
| Allele no. |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yr. | Country | No. meningitiscases | No. of isolates | Serogroup | Type | Subtype | abcZ | adk | aroE | fumC | gdh | pdhC | pgm | Sequence type (ST) |
| 1988 | Chad | 7,867 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| 1991 | Djibouti | 31 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| 1992 | Algeria | 529 | 4 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| Algeria | 1 | A | 4 | P1.10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ST-1 | ||
| Burundi | 2,739 | 4 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| CAR | 1,226 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| 1993 | Cameroon | 5,372 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| Guinea Bissau | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | ||
| 1994 | Burundi | 42 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| Cameroon | 578 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Chad | 948 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Zaire | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | ||
| 1995 | Algeria | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Cameroon | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | ||
| Burk. Faso | 2,595 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Burk. Faso | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-580 | ||
| Niger | 43,203 | 4 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| 1996 | Burk. Faso | 42,129 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 |
| Cameroon | 178 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Chad | 1,079 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Niger | 16,145 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| 1997 | Burk.Faso | 22,305 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-580 |
| Cameroon | 572 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Chad | 1,123 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Mali | 11,228 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Niger | 4,910 | 6 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| 1998 | Cameroon | 2,887 | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 |
| Chad | 7,964 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Ivory Coast | 3 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Niger | 2,328 | 4 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Senegal | 2,709 | 3 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Zaire | 1,991 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| 1999 | Cameroon | 2,272 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 |
| Chad | 2,540 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Guinea | 2,836 | 2 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Niger | 5,576 | 7 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
| Senegal | 4,939 | 6 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-5 | |
| Senegal | 1 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 64 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST-581 | ||
| Sudan | 33,313 | 11 | A | 4 | P1.9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | ST-7 | |
aMultilocus sequence typing showed the clonal expansion of ST-5 and emergence of ST-7, which was identified for the first time in Algeria in 1995; in Cameroon and Chad in 1997, 1998, and 1999; and in Zaire, Niger, and Sudan in 1999. Allele numbers and reference strains are registered at the MLST website (http://www.mlst.net).
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