Volume 9, Number 11—November 2003
Research
Fluoroquinolones and the Risk for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hospitalized Patients1
Stephen G. Weber*
, Howard S. Gold*, David C. Hooper†, A.W. Karchmer*, and Yehuda Carmeli*
, Howard S. Gold*, David C. Hooper†, A.W. Karchmer*, and Yehuda Carmeli*
Table 3
Results of univariate analysis for MSSA casesa
| Risk factor | MSSA cases (n = 163) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic |
No. |
% |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
| Male |
91 |
55.8 |
1.89 (1.29 to 2.77) |
0.001 |
| Age |
Mean = 63.3 y. |
|||
| <50 |
42 |
25.8 |
— |
— |
| 51–75 |
68 |
41.7 |
1.50 (0.95 to 2.37) |
0.08 |
| >75 |
53 |
32.5 |
2.10 (1.27 to 3.45) |
0.004 |
| Coexisting condition |
||||
| Cardiovascular disease |
117 |
71.8 |
2.08 (1.39 to 3.13) |
<0.001 |
| Lung disease |
61 |
37.4 |
2.95 (1.92 to 4.54) |
<0.001 |
| Renal disease |
28 |
17.2 |
2.06 (1.17 to 3.62) |
0.01 |
| Hepatic disease |
24 |
14.7 |
3.16 (1.64 to 6.10) |
<0.001 |
| Organ transplant |
2 |
1.2 |
1.00 (0.18 to 5.60) |
0.99 |
| AIDS |
1 |
0.6 |
0.39 (0.00 to 3.42) |
0.40 |
| Malignancy |
30 |
18.4 |
1.21 (0.74 to 1.98) |
0.46 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
38 |
23.3 |
1.25 (0.80 to 1.98) |
0.33 |
| Hospital factors |
||||
| Transfer |
29 |
17.8 |
2.11 (1.22 to 3.64) |
0.01 |
| Surgical procedure |
62 |
38.0 |
0.78 (0.52 to 1.15) |
0.20 |
| ICU stay |
89 |
54.6 |
6.38 (4.14 to 9.83) |
<0.001 |
| Intravenous line |
50 |
30.7 |
1.99 (1.28 to 3.09) |
0.002 |
| Emergent admission |
97 |
59.5 |
1.90 (1.30 to 2.79) |
<0.001 |
| Admission service |
||||
| Medical |
85 |
52.1 |
— |
— |
| Obstetrical |
3 |
1.8 |
0.10 (0.03 to 0.34) |
<0.001 |
| Surgical |
75 |
46.0 |
1.49 (1.00 to 2.21) |
0.05 |
| Antimicrobial drugs |
||||
| Any fluoroquinolone |
37 |
22.7 |
0.96 (0.60 to 1.53) |
0.86 |
| Levofloxacin |
24 |
14.7 |
1.09 (0.62 to 1.90) |
0.77 |
| Ciprofloxacin |
14 |
8.6 |
0.74 (0.38 to 1.44) |
0.37 |
| Vancomycin |
31 |
19.0 |
1.78 (1.04 to 3.05) |
0.36 |
| Penicillin |
33 |
20.2 |
2.17 (1.28 to 3.66) |
0.004 |
| β-lactam and inhibitor |
6 |
3.7 |
2.37 (0.70 to 8.06) |
0.17 |
| First-generation cephalosporin |
27 |
16.6 |
0.65 (0.40 to 1.07) |
0.09 |
| Third-generation cephalosporin |
18 |
11.0 |
1.21 (0.64 to 2.30) |
0.56 |
| Carbapenem |
2 |
1.2 |
1.05 (0.17 to 6.48) |
0.96 |
| Clindamycin |
6 |
3.7 |
1.35 (0.47 to 3.91) |
0.58 |
| Metronidazole | 34 | 20.9 | 1.70 (1.02 to 2.83) | 0.04 |
a MsSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; OR, odds ration; CI, confidence interval.
1This study was presented in part at the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sand Diego, California, September 2002.
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