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Volume 9, Number 12—December 2003

Research

Risk Factors for Norovirus, Sapporo-like Virus, and Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Matty AS de Wit*1, Marion PG Koopmans*, and Yvonne THP van Duynhoven*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands

Main Article

Table 1

Risk factors for NV gastroenteritis, prevalence in cases and controls (152 pairs), and univariate and multivariate odds ratios using logistic regression and population-attributable risk fractionsa

NV gastroenteritis Cases
n (%) Controls
n (%) OR uni 95% CI OR multi 95% CI PAR (%)
Food-handling hygieneb
1.3
 1.0 to 1.5
 1.3
 1.0 to 1.7
 47
Educational level
n.i.
Low
 21 (14.3)
 16 (10.9)
 1.9
 0.9 to 4.0
Intermediate
 58 (39.5)
 80 (54.4)
 1.0
 -
High
 68 (46.3)
 51 (34.7)
 2.2
 1.2 to 3.9
Participant to daycare center
 47 (30.9)
 37 (24.7)
 1.7
 0.9 to 3.3
 n.i.
Household member to daycare center
 34 (23.5)
 21 (14.5)
 2.0
 1.0 to 3.9
 n.i.
Household member to primary school
 62 (42.8)
 48 (33.1)
 1.6
 1.0 to 2.7
 n.i.
Pets in household
 85 (56.3)
 102 (67.6)
 0.6
 0.4 to 1.0
 n.i.
Cat as pet
 46 (30.5)
 61 (40.4)
 0.6
 0.4 to 1.0
 n.i.
No. of household members with gastroenteritisc
17
None
 73 (48.3)
 130 (85.8)
 1.0
 -
 1.0
 -
1
 39 (25.8)
 15 (10.0)
 3.7
 1.7 to 8.0
 1.2
 0.3 to 4.2
>1
 39 (25.8)
 6 (4.2)
 13.1
 3.9 to 34.7
 10.9
 2.0 to 60.5
Contact with persons outside household with gastroenteritisc
56
No
 50 (32.9)
 101 (66.5)
 1.0
 -
 1.0
 -
Yes
 57 (37.5)
 8 (5.3)
 11.4
 4.7 to 27.3
 12.7
 3.1 to 51.8
Do not know
 45 (29.6)
 43 (28.3)
 1.9
 1.1 to 3.4
 2.5
 1.0 to 6.5
Consumption of fishc
 46 (34.6)
 32 (24.1)
 1.8
 1.0 to 3.2
 n.i.
Consumption of barbecued foodc 1 (1.5) 9 (6.6) 0.2 0.05 to 1.0 n.i.

aNV, norovirus; OR, odds ratio; PAR, population-attributable risk fractions; uni, univariate; multi, multivariate; CI, confidence interval; n.i, not in final model; -, not applicable.
bBasic score (not optimized), higher score indicates less hygienic practices, OR for increase of 1.
cIn the week before onset of symptoms (case-patients), inclusion in study (control).

Main Article

1Current address of first author: Municipal Health Service, Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; email: mdwit@gggd.amsterdam.nl

Page created: February 07, 2011
Page updated: February 07, 2011
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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