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Volume 3, Number 4—December 1997
THEME ISSUE
Foodborne
Special Issue

Infectious Disease as an Evolutionary Paradigm

Joshua Lederberg
Author affiliation: Sackler Foundation Scholar, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Examples of pathogenic microbes and infectious diseases recognized since 1973 (2)

Year Microbe Type Disease
1973 Rotavirus Virus Major cause of infantile diarrhea worldwide
1975 Parvovirus B19 Virus Aplastic crisis in chronic hemolytic anemia
1976 Cryptosporidium Parasite Acute and chronic diarrhea parvum
1977 Ebola virus Virus Ebola hemorrhagic fever
1977 Legionella Bacteria Legionnaires' disease pneumophila
1977 Hantaan virus Virus Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HRFS)
1977 Campylobacter jejuni Bacteria Enteric pathogens distributed globally
1980 Human T-lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-1) Virus T-cell lymphoma-leukemia
1981 Toxic producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Toxic shock syndrome(tampon use)
1982 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria Hemorrhagic colitis; hemolytic uremic syndrome
1982 HTLV-II Virus Hairy cell leukemia
1982 Borrelia burgdorferi Bacteria Lyme disease
1983 Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Virus Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
1983 Helicobacter pylori Bacteria Peptic ulcer disease
1985 Enterocytozoon bieneusi Parasite Persistent diarrhea
1986 Cyclospora cayetanensis Parasite Persistent diarrhea
1988 Human herpes-virus-6 (HHV-6) Virus Roseola subitum
1988 Hepatitis E Virus Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis
1989 Ehrlichia chafeensis Bacteria Human ehrlichiosis
1989 Hepatitis C Virus Parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B liver infection
1991 Guanarito virus Virus Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
1991 Encephalitozoon hellem Parasite Conjunctivitis, disseminated disease
1991 New species of Babesia Parasite Atypical babesiosis
1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 Bacteria New strain associated with epidemic cholera
1992 Bartonella henselae Bacteria Cat-scratch disease; bacillary angiomatosis
1993 Sin Nombre virus Virus Adult respiratory distress syndrome
1993 Encephalitozoon cuniculi Parasite Disseminated disease
1994 Sabia virus Virus Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1995 HHV-8 Virus Associated with Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS patients

Main Article

References
  1. Taubenberger  JK, Reid  AH, Frafft  AE, Bijwaard  KE, Fanning  TG. Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus. Science. 1997;275:1793–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Working  NSTC-CISET. Group on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases. Infectious disease—a global health threat. Washington (DC): The Group;1996.
  3. Lederberg  J. Plasmid (1952-1997). Plasmid. 1997. In press.
  4. Roelke-Parker  ME, Munson  L, Packer  C, Kock  R, Cleaveland  S, Carpenter  M, A canine distemper virus epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo). Nature. 1996;379:441–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Lederberg  J. The ontogeny of the clonal selection theory of antibody formation: reflections on Darwin and Ehrlich. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;546:175–87. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: December 21, 2010
Page updated: December 21, 2010
Page reviewed: December 21, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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