Volume 9, Number 12—December 2003
Research
Risk Factors for Norovirus, Sapporo-like Virus, and Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Table 1
NV gastroenteritis | Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | OR uni | 95% CI | OR multi | 95% CI | PAR (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food-handling hygieneb |
1.3 |
1.0 to 1.5 |
1.3 |
1.0 to 1.7 |
47 |
|||
Educational level |
n.i. |
|||||||
Low |
21 (14.3) |
16 (10.9) |
1.9 |
0.9 to 4.0 |
||||
Intermediate |
58 (39.5) |
80 (54.4) |
1.0 |
- |
||||
High |
68 (46.3) |
51 (34.7) |
2.2 |
1.2 to 3.9 |
||||
Participant to daycare center |
47 (30.9) |
37 (24.7) |
1.7 |
0.9 to 3.3 |
n.i. |
|||
Household member to daycare center |
34 (23.5) |
21 (14.5) |
2.0 |
1.0 to 3.9 |
n.i. |
|||
Household member to primary school |
62 (42.8) |
48 (33.1) |
1.6 |
1.0 to 2.7 |
n.i. |
|||
Pets in household |
85 (56.3) |
102 (67.6) |
0.6 |
0.4 to 1.0 |
n.i. |
|||
Cat as pet |
46 (30.5) |
61 (40.4) |
0.6 |
0.4 to 1.0 |
n.i. |
|||
No. of household members with gastroenteritisc |
17 |
|||||||
None |
73 (48.3) |
130 (85.8) |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
||
1 |
39 (25.8) |
15 (10.0) |
3.7 |
1.7 to 8.0 |
1.2 |
0.3 to 4.2 |
||
>1 |
39 (25.8) |
6 (4.2) |
13.1 |
3.9 to 34.7 |
10.9 |
2.0 to 60.5 |
||
Contact with persons outside household with gastroenteritisc |
56 |
|||||||
No |
50 (32.9) |
101 (66.5) |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
- |
||
Yes |
57 (37.5) |
8 (5.3) |
11.4 |
4.7 to 27.3 |
12.7 |
3.1 to 51.8 |
||
Do not know |
45 (29.6) |
43 (28.3) |
1.9 |
1.1 to 3.4 |
2.5 |
1.0 to 6.5 |
||
Consumption of fishc |
46 (34.6) |
32 (24.1) |
1.8 |
1.0 to 3.2 |
n.i. |
|||
Consumption of barbecued foodc | 1 (1.5) | 9 (6.6) | 0.2 | 0.05 to 1.0 | n.i. |
aNV, norovirus; OR, odds ratio; PAR, population-attributable risk fractions; uni, univariate; multi, multivariate; CI, confidence interval; n.i, not in final model; -, not applicable.
bBasic score (not optimized), higher score indicates less hygienic practices, OR for increase of 1.
cIn the week before onset of symptoms (case-patients), inclusion in study (control).
1Current address of first author: Municipal Health Service, Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; email: mdwit@gggd.amsterdam.nl
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Page reviewed: February 07, 2011
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