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Volume 9, Number 2—February 2003
Research

Influence of Role Models and Hospital Design on the Hand Hygiene of Health-Care Workers

Mary G. Lankford*†, Teresa R. Zembower‡, William E. Trick§, Donna M. Hacek*†, Gary A. Noskin*†‡, and Lance R. Peterson*†‡Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *Northwestern Prevention Epicenter, Chicago, Illinois, USA; †Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; ‡Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA; §Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 1

Definitions used to determine hand-hygiene opportunities, patient contact, and invasive proceduresa

Hand-hygiene opportunities Patient contact Invasive procedures
Patient contact
 Contact with patient’s skin
 Phlebotomy
Performance of an invasive procedure
 Contact with blood or body fluids
 Intravenous or intramuscular injection of a medication
Placement of an intravascular device or urinary catheter
 Contact with mucous membranes
 Wound care
Visible soiling of hands
Urinary catheterization
Contact with body fluids
Glove removal
Contact with a likely contaminated environmental surface

aPatient contact and invasive procedure are not mutually exclusive categories.

Main Article

Page created: December 07, 2010
Page updated: December 07, 2010
Page reviewed: December 07, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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