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Volume 13, Number 1—January 2007
Research
Tickborne Relapsing Fever Diagnosis Obscured by Malaria, Togo
Annika Nordstrand*, Ignas Bunikis*, Christer Larsson*, Kodjo Tsogbe†, Tom G. Schwan‡, Mikael Nilsson§, and Sven Bergström*
Table 2
Prevalence and identification of Borrelia infections in patients with fever at clinics in northern and southern Togo, 2002–2004
| Region, age group, y | Seropositive for relapsing fever Borrelia,* no. positive/no. tested (%) | Borrelia in blood,† no. positive/no. tested (%) | Infected with B. crocidurae,‡ no. positive/no. tested (%) | Infected with B. duttonii,‡ no. positive/ no. tested (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northern | ||||
| 0–4 | 6/60 (10) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5) | 1 (1.7) |
| 5–14 | 3/30 (10) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (10) | 1 (3.3) |
| Total | 9/90 (10) | 8 (8.8) | 6 (6.7) | 2 (2.2) |
| Southern | ||||
| 0–4 | 2/16 (12.5) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (6.3) | 0 |
| 5–14 | 3/35 (8.6) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (5.7) | 0 |
| Total | 5/51 (9.8) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (5.9) | 0 |
| 15–24 | 7/43 (16.3) | 3 (7) | 3 (7) | 0 |
| >25 | 9/55 (16.4) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (12.7) | 0 |
| Total for adults | 16/98 (16.3) | 10 (10.2) | 10 (10.2) | 0 |
| Total | 21/149 (14.1) | 13 (8.7) | 13 (8.7) | 0 |
| All | 30/239 (12.6) | 21 (8.8) | 19 (7.9) | 2 (1.2) |
*Determined by ELISA for glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase antigen.
†Determined by 16S rRNA gene PCR amplification from blood of patients with high ELISA values divided by all ELISA- tested patients.
‡Determined by genomic sequence of 16S rRNA in blood samples.
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