Volume 14, Number 6—June 2008
Research
Validation of Syndromic Surveillance for Respiratory Pathogen Activity
Cees van den Wijngaard*
, Liselotte van Asten*, Wilfrid van Pelt*, Nico J.D. Nagelkerke†, Robert Verheij‡, Albert J. de Neeling*, Arnold Dekkers*, Marianne A.B. van der Sande*, Hans van Vliet*, and Marion P.G. Koopmans*
, Liselotte van Asten*, Wilfrid van Pelt*, Nico J.D. Nagelkerke†, Robert Verheij‡, Albert J. de Neeling*, Arnold Dekkers*, Marianne A.B. van der Sande*, Hans van Vliet*, and Marion P.G. Koopmans*
Table 4
All respiratory pathogen counts included as explanatory variables in the regression models, the Netherlands, 1999–2004*†
| Syndrome data | RSV | Influenza A | Influenza B | S. pneumoniae (residual) | RV | PIV | Adenovirus | Enterovirus | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Bordetella pertussis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absenteeism | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | – | – | – | |
| GP | –1 | 1 | 2 | –1 | 1 | 2 | −2 | – | –3 | |
| Pharmacy | –1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | −2 | – | 5 | −3 |
| Hospitalization | 0 | 2 | 1 | – | –2 | 3 | – | – | – | |
| Laboratory submissions | –2 | 0 | 1 | –3 | – | 2 | – | 5 | | |
| Mortality | −3 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
*S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RV, rhinovirus; PIV, parainfluenza virus; GP, general practice; –, pathogen not included in model.
†The lag time (in weeks) is indicated, that showed optimal fit between syndrome time-series and lagged pathogen counts included in the linear regression model; e.g., according to the model, the trend in hospitalizations precedes the influenza A laboratory counts by 2 weeks.
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