Volume 15, Number 2—February 2009
Dispatch
Vaccine-induced Immunity Circumvented by Typical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Strains
Kristin Kremer
, Marieke J. van der Werf, Betty K.Y. Au, Dang D. Anh, Kai M. Kam, H. Rogier van Doorn, Martien W. Borgdorff, and Dick van Soolingen
, Marieke J. van der Werf, Betty K.Y. Au, Dang D. Anh, Kai M. Kam, H. Rogier van Doorn, Martien W. Borgdorff, and Dick van Soolingen
Table 2
Risk factors for drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing clade strains in 678 persons with tuberculosis, Vietnam and the Netherlands*
| Risk factor | Total no. patients | Resistance, % patients |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multidrug | INH | SM | Multidrug | INH | SM | |||
| Genotype | ||||||||
| Typical Beijing | 523 | 2.9 | 17.6 | 28.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Atypical Beijing | 155 | 7.1 | 25.5 | 21.3 | 2.48 (1.09-5.65) | 1.58 (1.00–2.49) | 0.59 (0.37–0.93) | |
| Country | ||||||||
| Vietnam | 268 | 6.7 | 32.1 | 44.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| The Netherlands | 410 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 15.9 | 0.21 (0.06–0.76) | 0.20 (0.11–0.34) | 0.21 (0.13–0.33) | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| M | 415 | 3.6 | 18.6 | 28.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| F | 219 | 2.7 | 19.2 | 22.4 | 0.91 (0.34–2.44) | 1.34 (0.86–2.11) | 0.87 (0.58–1.31) | |
| Unknown | 44 | 11.4 | 27.3 | 40.9 | 2.39 (0.67–8.54) | 0.90 (0.41–1.97) | 0.88 (0.43–1.78) | |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| <25 | 164 | 3.7 | 13.4 | 25.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 25–34 | 215 | 4.7 | 24.7 | 28.4 | 0.93 (0.32–2.70) | 1.76 (1.00–3.12) | 0.94 (0.57–1.54) | |
| 35–44 | 140 | 4.3 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 0.71 (0.21–2.41) | 1.46 (0.78–2.74) | 0.82 (0.47–1.43) | |
| 45–54 | 51 | 3.9 | 17.6 | 33.3 | 0.68 (0.12–3.77) | 0.91 (0.37–2.27) | 0.92 (0.44–1.95) | |
| 55–64 | 36 | 2.8 | 16.7 | 27.8 | 0.60 (0.07–5.45) | 0.99 (0.35–2.81) | 1.05 (0.44–2.52) | |
| 65–74 | 50 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 0.40 (0.04–3.66) | 0.63. (022–1.85) | 0.57 (0.23–1.39) | |
| >75 | 22 | 0 | 4.5 | 18.2 | -- | 0.31 (0.04–2.50) | 1.06 (0.32–3.49) | |
| BCG vaccination | ||||||||
| No | 249 | 4.0 | 22.1 | 28.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 265 | 4.2 | 19.6 | 30.9 | 0.63 (0.22–1.83) | 0.71 (0.43–1.17) | 0.99 (0.63–1.54) | |
| Unknown | 164 | 3.0 | 14.6 | 17.7 | 2.44 (0.54–11.04) | 1.64 (0.84–3.21) | 1.26 (0.70–2.24) | |
| Total | 678 | 26 | 131 | 183 | ||||
*INH, isoniazid; SM, streptomycin; BCG, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
†Adjusted for genotype, country, sex, age group, and BCG vaccination.
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