Volume 15, Number 5—May 2009
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Increased Risk for Severe Malaria in HIV-1–infected Adults, Zambia
Victor Chalwe, Doreen Mukwamataba, Joris Menten, John Kamalamba, Modest Mulenga, Umberto D’Alessandro, and Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden
Table 1
Risk factors for severe malaria in case–control study, Luanshya, Zambia
| Risk factors | Case-patients, n = 29 | Controls with uncomplicated malaria, n = 29 | Asymptomatic controls, n = 29 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics* | ||||
| GM† age, y (range) | 33 (18–50) | 33 (20–49) | 33 (18–50) | |
| No. (%) male |
14 (48) |
14 (48) |
14 (48) |
|
| Living conditions† | ||||
| No. (%) living in mud/clay hut | 4 (14) | 4 (14) | 5 (17) | 0.91 |
| No. (%) living in concrete house | 25 (86) | 25 (86) | 24 (83) | |
| GM no. persons living in house* (95% CI) | 4.7 (3.7–6.0) | 3.6 (2.9–4.5) | 4.7 (3.8–5.8) | 0.76 |
| Mean no. sleeping under bed net (95% CI) | 1.5 (0.7–2.3) | 1.5 (0.7–2.3) | 1.4 (0.5–2.3) | 0.85 |
| No. (%) sleeping under bed net |
7 (24) |
9 (31) |
9 (31) |
0.80 |
| No. (%) using antimalarial drug during previous week | 13 (45) | 8 (28) | 5 (17) | 0.13 |
| No. using quinine | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
| No. using sulfadoxine pyrimethamine | 8 | 5 | 3 | |
| No. using artemether–lumefantrine |
5 |
1 |
0 |
|
| No. (%) with HIV-1 | 27 (93) | 15 (52) | 13 (45) | 0.03 |
| GM CD4 count (95% CI)‡ | 173 (125–240) | 205 (112–377) | 677 (427–1074) | |
| No. (%) CD4 count <200/µL‡ | 11/23 (48) | 5/14 (36) | 1/12 (8) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) CD4 count <350/µL‡ | 19/23 (83) | 11/14 (79) | 1/12 (8) | <0.001 |
*Matching variables.
†GM, geometric mean; CI, confidence interval.
‡Not measured in 4 case-patients, 1 control with uncomplicated malaria, and 1 asymptomatic control because of technical constraints.
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