Volume 15, Number 5—May 2009
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Increased Risk for Severe Malaria in HIV-1–infected Adults, Zambia
Victor Chalwe, Doreen Mukwamataba, Joris Menten, John Kamalamba, Modest Mulenga, Umberto D’Alessandro, and Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden
Table 3
HIV-1 infection and HIV-1–related immunosuppression as risk factors for nonsevere and severe malaria, case–control study, Luanshya, Zambia*
| Participant characteristics | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-1 infected† | |||||
| Asymptomatic controls | 13/29 (45) | 1 | – | ||
| Controls with uncomplicated malaria | 15/29 (52) | 1.3 (0.5–3.7) | 0.59 | 1 | – |
| Case-patients (severe malaria) | 27/29 (93) | 16.6 (2.5–111.8) | 0.0005 | 12.6 (2.0–78.8) | 0.0005 |
| CD4 cell count <350/µL‡ | |||||
| Asymptomatic controls | 1/12 (8) | 1 | – | ||
| Controls with uncomplicated malaria | 11/14 (79) | 7. 67 (1.78–33.01) | 0.001 | 1 | – |
| Case-patients (severe malaria) | 19/23 (83) | 23.00 (3.35–158.00) | <0.0001 | 3.00 (0.83–10.83) | 0.08 |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
†p value obtained by using matched-pairs signed-ranks test.
‡CD4 count not measured in 4 HIV-1–infected case-patients, 1 control with uncomplicated malaria, and 1 asymptomatic control because of technical constraints. p value obtained by using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
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