Volume 17, Number 12—December 2011
Research
A Pilot Study of Host Genetic Variants Associated with Influenza-associated Deaths among Children and Young Adults1
Jill M. Ferdinands
, Amy M. Denison, Nicole F. Dowling, Heather A. Jost, Marta L. Gwinn, Lindy Liu, Sherif R. Zaki, and David K. Shay
, Amy M. Denison, Nicole F. Dowling, Heather A. Jost, Marta L. Gwinn, Lindy Liu, Sherif R. Zaki, and David K. Shay
Table 2
Genotype and minor allele frequencies among 105 children and young adults who died of influenza, United States, 1998–99 through 2007–08 influenza seasons*
| Gene | Variant | Genotype | Genotype frequency, no. (%) case-patients |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All, n = 105 | White, n = 64 | Black, n = 18 | Asian, n = 7 | |||
| TNF | rs1800629 | −308GG | 74 (70) | 47 (73) | 10 (56) | 6 (86) |
| −308GA | 30 (29) | 16 (25) | 8 (44) | 1 (14) | ||
| −308AA | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| A allele | 0.152 | 0.141 | 0.222 | 0.071 | ||
| rs1800750 | −555GG | 101 (96) | 62 (97) | 16 (89) | 7 (100) | |
| −555GA | 4 (4) | 2 (3) | 2 (11) | 0 | ||
| −555AA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| A allele | 0.019 | 0.016 | 0.056 | 0 | ||
| rs361525 | −238GG | 95 (90) | 59 (92) | 14 (78) | 6 (86) | |
| −238GA | 10 (10) | 5 (8) | 4 (22) | 1 (14) | ||
| −238AA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| A allele |
0.048 |
0.039 |
0.111 |
0.071 |
||
| MBL2 | rs1800450 (B variant) | 27GG | 77 (73) | 47 (73) | 15 (83) | 5 (71) |
| 27GA | 27 (26) | 17 (27) | 3 (17) | 2 (29) | ||
| 27AA | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| A allele | 0.138 | 0.133 | 0.083 | 0.143 | ||
| rs1800451 (C variant)† | 18GG | 95 (90) | 61 (95) | 12 (67) | 7 (100) | |
| 18GA | 9 (9) | 3 (5) | 5 (28) | 0 | ||
| 18AA | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| A allele | 0.052 | 0.023 | 0.194 | 0 | ||
| rs5030737 (D variant) | 34CC | 95 (90) | 55 (86) | 17 (94) | 7 (100) | |
| 34CT | 9 (9) | 8 (13) | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| 34TT | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | ||
| T allele | 0.052 | 0.078 | 0.028 | 0 | ||
| rs7096206 (X/Y variant) | −221CC | 71 (68) | 43 (67) | 14 (78) | 4 (57) | |
| −221CG | 32 (30) | 20 (31) | 3 (17) | 3 (43) | ||
| −221GG | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| G allele | 0.171 | 0.172 | 0.139 | 0.214 | ||
| rs11003125 (H/L variant) | −550CC | 43 (41) | 21 (33) | 12 (67) | 2 (29) | |
| −550CG | 46 (44) | 34 (53) | 6 (33) | 4 (57) | ||
| −550GG | 16 (15) | 9 (14) | 0 | 1 (14) | ||
| G allele | 0.371 | 0.406 | 0.167 | 0.429 | ||
| Pooled structural variants | AA | 59 (56) | 37 (58) | 8 (44) | 5 (71) | |
| AO | 41 (39) | 24 (38) | 9 (50) | 2 (29) | ||
| OO | 5 (5) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| Truncated haplotypes | YA/YA | 36 (34) | 21 (33) | 5 (28) | 3 (43) | |
| XA/YA | 21 (20) | 15 (23) | 2 (11) | 2 (29) | ||
| XA/XA | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| YA/O | 30 (29) | 19 (30) | 8 (44) | 1 (14) | ||
| XA/O | 11 (10) | 5 (8) | 1 (6) | 1 (14) | ||
| O/O | 5 (5) | 3 (5) | 1 (6) | 0 | ||
| MBL production | Low | 16 (15) | 8 (13) | 2 (11) | 1 (14) | |
| Intermediate | 32 (31) | 20 (31) | 9 (50) | 1 (14) | ||
| High | 57 (54) | 36 (56) | 7 (39) | 5 (71) | ||
*Cases include 16 patients with missing/unknown or other race. Per common designation, for MBL2, A refers to the wild-type structural allele, O refers to any of the 3 variant structural alleles, and O/O refers to any combination of structural variant alleles. Low producers included truncated haplotypes O/O and XA/O. MBL2, mannose-binding lectin gene.
†p<0.01 by Fisher exact test of difference in proportion across racial group.
1Portions of this study were presented at the Options for the Control of Influenza VII meeting, September 3–7, 2010, Hong Kong.
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