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Volume 18, Number 7—July 2012

Research

Validity of International Health Regulations in Reporting Emerging Infectious Diseases

Michael EdelsteinComments to Author , David L. Heymann, Johan Giesecke, and Julius Weinberg

Author affiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M. Edelstein, D.L. Heymann); Chatham House, London (D.L. Heymann); European Centre for Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden (J. Giesecke); and Kingston University, London (J. Weinberg)

Main Article

Table 4

Association between concordance and pathogen type, by WHO region and event type*

Characteristic No. events No. (%) concordant events Crude OR (95% CI) p value†
Type of pathogen
Bacterium 89 27 (69.2) 1
Virus 39 46(51.7) 2.10 (0.95–4.67) 0.07
Rickettsia 12 6 (50.0) 0.93 (0.28–3.12) 0.91
Protozoan 20 7 (35.0) 0.50 (0.18–1.38) 0.18
Other‡ 15 7 (46.7) 0.82 (0.27–2.45) 0.72
WHO region
AMRO 77 40 (51.9) 1
EURO 49 23 (46.9) 0.82 (0.40–1.68) 0.58
EMRO 7 4 (57.14) 1.23 (0.26–5.88) 0.79
SEARO 10 5 (50.0) 0.92 (0.25–3.45) 0.91
WPRO 24 15 (62.0) 1.54 (0.60–3.94) 0.37
AFRO 8 6 (75.0) 2.78 (0.53–14.6) 0.23
Type of event
New pathogen 70 31 (44.3) 1
Increased incidence 44 27 (61.4) 2.00 (0.93–4.31) 0.08
Antimicrobial drug resistance 54 32 (59.3) 1.83 (0.89–3.75) 0.10
New clinical manifestation 7 3 (42.9) 0.94 (0.20–4.53) 0.94

*WHO, World Health Organization; OR, odds ratio; AMRO, Americas; EURO, Europe; EMRO, Eastern Mediterranean; SEARO, Southeast Asia; WPRO, Western Pacific; AFRO, Africa.
†By Wald test.
‡Helminth, prion, or fungus.

Main Article

Page created: May 30, 2012
Page updated: May 30, 2012
Page reviewed: May 30, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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