Volume 18, Number 7—July 2012
Research
Validity of International Health Regulations in Reporting Emerging Infectious Diseases
Michael Edelstein
, David L. Heymann, Johan Giesecke, and Julius Weinberg
, David L. Heymann, Johan Giesecke, and Julius Weinberg
Table 4
Association between concordance and pathogen type, by WHO region and event type*
| Characteristic | No. events | No. (%) concordant events | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of pathogen | ||||
| Bacterium | 89 | 27 (69.2) | 1 | |
| Virus | 39 | 46(51.7) | 2.10 (0.95–4.67) | 0.07 |
| Rickettsia | 12 | 6 (50.0) | 0.93 (0.28–3.12) | 0.91 |
| Protozoan | 20 | 7 (35.0) | 0.50 (0.18–1.38) | 0.18 |
| Other‡ | 15 | 7 (46.7) | 0.82 (0.27–2.45) | 0.72 |
| WHO region | ||||
| AMRO | 77 | 40 (51.9) | 1 | |
| EURO | 49 | 23 (46.9) | 0.82 (0.40–1.68) | 0.58 |
| EMRO | 7 | 4 (57.14) | 1.23 (0.26–5.88) | 0.79 |
| SEARO | 10 | 5 (50.0) | 0.92 (0.25–3.45) | 0.91 |
| WPRO | 24 | 15 (62.0) | 1.54 (0.60–3.94) | 0.37 |
| AFRO | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 2.78 (0.53–14.6) | 0.23 |
| Type of event | ||||
| New pathogen | 70 | 31 (44.3) | 1 | |
| Increased incidence | 44 | 27 (61.4) | 2.00 (0.93–4.31) | 0.08 |
| Antimicrobial drug resistance | 54 | 32 (59.3) | 1.83 (0.89–3.75) | 0.10 |
| New clinical manifestation | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 0.94 (0.20–4.53) | 0.94 |
*WHO, World Health Organization; OR, odds ratio; AMRO, Americas; EURO, Europe; EMRO, Eastern Mediterranean; SEARO, Southeast Asia; WPRO, Western Pacific; AFRO, Africa.
†By Wald test.
‡Helminth, prion, or fungus.
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Page updated: May 30, 2012
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