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Volume 19, Number 8—August 2013
Research

Emergency Department Visit Data for Rapid Detection and Monitoring of Norovirus Activity, United States

Brian RhaComments to Author , Sherry Burrer, Soyoun Park, Tarak Trivedi, Umesh D. Parashar, and Benjamin A. Lopman
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (B. Rha, S. Burrer, S. Park, T. Trivedi, U.D. Parashar, B.A. Lopman); McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta (S. Park)

Main Article

Table 1

Linear regression model estimates of the association between norovirus outbreaks and BioSense emergency department visit data, by age group, United States, January 2007–April 2010*

Subsyndrome and age group, y Norovirus,† β1, × 10−4 (95% CI) p value‡ R
Diarrhea
0–4§ 1.72 (1.15–2.29) <0.0001 0.926
5–17¶ 1.59 (1.23–1.95) <0.0001 0.828
18–64¶ 0.70 (0.56–0.83) <0.0001 0.864
>65§¶ 0.71 (0.55–0.86) <0.0001 0.917
All ages§ 0.94 (0.74–1.14) <0.0001 0.910
Nausea/vomiting
0–4§ 7.01 (4.93–9.09) <0.0001 0.866
5–17 5.73 (4.24–7.23) <0.0001 0.796
18–64¶ 1.60 (1.14–2.06) <0.0001 0.758
>65 0.61 (0.31–0.91) 0.0002 0.729
All ages 2.78 (2.15–3.40) <0.0001 0.832

*Emergency department chief complaint–based subsyndrome visits as a monthly proportion of all visits in 6 states (GA, MO, OH, PA, TN, WY) regressed on norovirus and rotavirus surveillance data and time variable. Intercept for each model p<0.0001.
†Suspected and confirmed norovirus outbreaks.
‡By t test.
§Included term for proportion of rotavirus tests positive in the model, as it is significant and positive (p<0.05). β2 for 0–4-y age group diarrhea model = 0.0539 (95% CI 0.0403–0.0674); β2 for 0–4-y age group nausea/vomiting model = 0.0745 (95% CI 0.0252–0.1237); β2 for ≥65-y age group diarrhea model = 0.0048 (95% CI 0.0011–0.0084); β2 for all-ages age group diarrhea model = 0.0065 (95% CI 0.0018–0.0112).
¶Time variable not significant in model (p>0.05).

Main Article

Page created: July 18, 2013
Page updated: July 18, 2013
Page reviewed: July 18, 2013
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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