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Volume 20, Number 12—December 2014
Dispatch

Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus among Humans and Swine, Sri Lanka

Harsha K.K. Perera, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Akuratiya G. Premarathna, Chrishan J.S. Jayamaha, Geethani Wickramasinghe, Chung L. Cheung, Ming F. Yeung, Leo L.M. Poon, Aluthgama K.C. Perera, Ian Barr, Yi Guan, and Ahmad M. HakawiComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.K.K. Perera, C.L. Cheung, M.F. Yeung. L.L.M. Poon, Y. Guan, M. Peiris); University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka (H.K.K. Perera, A.G. Premarathna); Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore (D. Vijaykrishna); Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka (C.J.S. Jayamaha, G. Wickramasinghe); Colombo Municipal Council, Colombo (A.K.-C. Perera); WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia (I.G.Barr)

Main Article

Table

Demographic data, internal and external biosecurity measures practice by swine farms, Sri Lanka, 2009�?"2013*

Farm Pig replacement source Used specific clothing and footwear Used disinfectants for wheel and foot baths Dedicated employees for fattening and nursery units Type of truck used to transport pigs to the GSHD Visitor restriction grade Service provider visits Cats and/or dogs allowed in the facility H1N1pdm detection
A Internal No Yes Yes Hired/farm M M Nil Yes Clade 2
B Internal Yes Yes Yes Dedicated A No Yes Clade 1
C Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Occasionally Yes Clades1/2
D Internal No No Yes Dedicated M Occasionally Yes Nil
E Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Occasionally Yes Nil
F Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Nil Yes Nil
G Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Nil Yes Clade 2
H Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Nil Yes Nil
I Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Occasionally Yes Clade 1
J Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Occasionally Yes Clade 1
K Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Nil Yes Nil
L ND No ND ND Hired/farm M ND ND ND Nil
M External No No No Self-owned M Yes Yes Nil
N Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Nil Yes Nil
O�? NA No No No NA N Nil Yes Nil
P Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Nil Yes Nil
Q�?� Internal Yes No Yes NA A Yes Yes Nil
R Internal No No No Hired/farm M M Occasionally Yes Nil
S Internal No No No Hired/farm M N Occasionally Yes Nil

*None of the swine farms housed domestic poultry in the facility. Farms are listed in alphabetical order, A being in the northernmost location and S the southernmost farm in this study. GSHD, Government Slaughter House Dematagoda. The common transportation truck is the property of the farm M owner. Visitor restriction is scored as M-moderate, and A-absolute restriction, N-nil, on the basis of level of visitor restrictions (absolute/moderate/nil) and selection of veterinary surgeons (designated/freelance); service providers are veterinary surgeons, drug, and vaccine providers. NA, not applicable; ND, no data available.�?"�? Backyard slaughterhouse.�?"�?�Pigs not slaughtered at the GSHD.

Main Article

Page created: November 19, 2014
Page updated: November 19, 2014
Page reviewed: November 19, 2014
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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