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Volume 20, Number 7—July 2014
Research

Independent Lineages of Highly Sulfadoxine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Haplotypes, Eastern Africa

Steve M. TaylorComments to Author , Alejandro L. Antonia1, Whitney E. Harrington, Morgan M. Goheen, Victor Mwapasa, Ebbie Chaluluka, Michal Fried, Edward Kabyemela, Mwayi Madanitsa, Carole Khairallah, Linda Kalilani-Phiri, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Stephen J. Rogerson, Feiko O. ter Kuile, Patrick E. Duffy, and Steven R. Meshnick
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor, A.L. Antonia, M.M. Goheen, S.R. Meshnick); Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.E. Harrington); College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi (V. Mwapasa, E. Chaluluka, M. Madanitsa, L. Kalilani-Phiri); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M. Fried. P.E. Duffy); Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle (E. Kabyemela); Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (C. Khairallah, F.O. ter Kuile); University of Kinshasa, Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of the Congo (A.K. Tshefu); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.J. Rogerson); University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.O. ter Kuile)

Main Article

Figure 3

Neighbor-joining network of Plasmodium falciparum wild-type (SAKA) and mutant (SGEA and SGEG) dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) haplotypes, eastern Africa. Pairwise linear genetic distances among 193 parasite isolates were computed in GenAlEx (21) inputted into PHYLIP v3.67 (27,28) to calculate an unrooted neighbor-joining tree, and rendered in R v3.0.1 (http://www.r-project.org/) by using the ape package. For visualization, branch lengths were uniformly lengthened if not equal to 0. The dhps hap

Figure 3. Neighbor-joining network of Plasmodium falciparum wild-type (SAKA) and mutant (SGEA and SGEG) dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) haplotypes, eastern AfricaPairwise linear genetic distances among 193 parasite isolates were computed in GenAlEx (21) inputted into PHYLIP v3.67 (27,28) to calculate an unrooted neighbor-joining tree, and rendered in R v3.0.1 (http://www.r-project.org/) by using the ape packageFor visualization, branch lengths were uniformly lengthened if not equal to 0The dhps haplotypes are defined by amino acids at codons 436, 437, 540, and 581Mutant amino acids are underlined and in boldDRC, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Main Article

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1Current affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

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Page updated: June 17, 2014
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