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Volume 20, Number 7—July 2014
Research

Independent Lineages of Highly Sulfadoxine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Haplotypes, Eastern Africa

Steve M. TaylorComments to Author , Alejandro L. Antonia1, Whitney E. Harrington, Morgan M. Goheen, Victor Mwapasa, Ebbie Chaluluka, Michal Fried, Edward Kabyemela, Mwayi Madanitsa, Carole Khairallah, Linda Kalilani-Phiri, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Stephen J. Rogerson, Feiko O. ter Kuile, Patrick E. Duffy, and Steven R. Meshnick
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.M. Taylor, A.L. Antonia, M.M. Goheen, S.R. Meshnick); Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.E. Harrington); College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi (V. Mwapasa, E. Chaluluka, M. Madanitsa, L. Kalilani-Phiri); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M. Fried. P.E. Duffy); Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle (E. Kabyemela); Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (C. Khairallah, F.O. ter Kuile); University of Kinshasa, Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of the Congo (A.K. Tshefu); University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (S.J. Rogerson); University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.O. ter Kuile)

Main Article

Figure 4

Predicted population structure of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from eastern Africa among those with A) double-mutant (SGEA) or triple-mutant (SGEG) dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) haplotypes and B) those with only the triple-mutant SGEG dhps haplotype. Estimations of number of populations and assignments of individual parasites to clusters were computed with STRUCTURE (29,30) by using a burn-in period of 10,000 and 10,000 iterations and models that assume no admixture and which use prior info

Figure 4. Predicted population structure of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from eastern Africa among those with A) double-mutant (SGEA) or triple-mutant (SGEG) dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) haplotypes and B) those with only the triple-mutant SGEG dhps haplotypeEstimations of number of populations and assignments of individual parasites to clusters were computed with STRUCTURE (29,30) by using a burn-in period of 10,000 and 10,000 iterations and models that assume no admixture and which use prior information related to location because of sparse data and likely subtle structureEach vertical bar represents an individual parasite, and the color of each bar indicates the likelihood of membership in the subpopulation indicated by the colorThe dhps haplotypes are defined by amino acids at codons 436, 437, 540, and 581Mutant amino acids are underlined and in boldA) Analysis of 116 parasites from Malawi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Tanzania with either SGEA or SGEG dhps haplotypesThe posterior probability was 99.9% of the existence of 3 population clusters that are indicated by the colorB) A similar analysis restricted to 32 parasites with only the SGEG dhps haplotype from Malawi, DRC, and TanzaniaThe division into 2 populations indicated by the color was supported by a posterior probability of 41%, which is higher than for those of other a priori population sizes tested.

Main Article

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1Current affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Page created: June 17, 2014
Page updated: June 17, 2014
Page reviewed: June 17, 2014
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