Induction of Multidrug Tolerance in Plasmodium falciparum by Extended Artemisinin Pressure
Sandie Ménard, Tanila Ben Haddou, Arba Pramundita Ramadani
1, Frédéric Ariey, Xavier Iriart, Johann Beghain, Christiane Bouchier, Benoit Witkowski
2, Antoine Berry, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, and Françoise Benoit-Vical
Author affiliations: Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (S. Ménard, T. Ben Haddou, A.P. Ramadani, X. Iriart, B. Witkowski, A. Berry, F. Benoit-Vical); Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse (S. Ménard. X. Iriart, A. Berry); Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse (T. Ben Haddou, A.P. Ramadani, B. Witkowski, F. Benoit-Vical); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (F. Ariey, J. Beghain, C. Bouchier, O. Mercereau-Puijalon); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse (X. Iriart, A. Berry)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Recrudescence curves of synchronous ring-stage parasites of Plasmodium falciparum F32-ART5 (dashed lines) and F32-TEM (solid lines) after a 48-h exposure to A) 11 µmol/L artemisinin; B) 62 nmol/L amodiaquine; C) 241 nmol/L mefloquine; D) 4 µmol/L pyrimethamine; and E) 7 µmol/L atovaquone. Curves show the percentage of parasite recrudescence (i.e., cultures having reached day 0 parasite density) vs. time. A log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used for statistical analysis, and corresponding p values are reported in Table 3. Small black vertical tick marks indicate individual F32-TEM lines whose recrudescence times have been right-censored because the parasite line did not recrudesce during the monitoring study.
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