Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015
Dispatch
Sindbis and Middelburg Old World Alphaviruses Associated with Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa
Stephanie van Niekerk, Stacey Human, June Williams, Erna van Wilpe, Marthi Pretorius, Robert Swanepoel, and Marietjie Venter
Table 1
Prevalence of neurologic and febrile cases of MIDV and SINV infections in horses, South Africa, 2008–2013*
| Alphavirus results | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIDV | |||||||
| Specimens, no. | 76 | 50 | 137 | 166 | 107 | 100 | 636 (100) |
| PCR+, no. (% of total specimens) | 0 | 1 (2) | 10 (7) | 26 (16) | 4 (4) | 3 (3) | 44 (7) |
| Deaths, no. (% of no. PCR+) | NA | 0 | 2 (50) | 7 (27) | 3 (75) | 0 | 12 (27) |
| Detected in CNS, no. (% of no. PCR+) | NA | 0 | 0 | 6 (23) | 0 | 0 | 6 (14) |
| Neurologic disease, no. (% of no. PCR+) | NA | 1 | 7 (70) | 16 (62) | 4 (100) | 2 (67) | 30 (68) |
| Fever only, no. (% of no. PCR+) | NA | 0 | 6 (60) | 5 (19) | 2 (50) | 0 | 13 (30) |
| Co-infections, no. and type | NA | 0 | 1 SHUV, 1 EEV | 1 WNV,† 1 EEV, 1 AHSV† | 0 | 0 | 2 EEV, 1 ASHV,† 1 SHUV, 1 WNV† |
| SINV | |||||||
| Specimens, no. | 76 | 50 | 137 | 166 | 107 | 100 | 636 |
| SINV+, no. (% of total specimens) | 2 (3) | 4 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 8 (1) |
| Deaths, no. (% of no.+) | 0 (0) | 2† (50) | NA | NA | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (38) |
| Detected in CNS, no. (% of no.+) | – | 2 (50) | NA | NA | 0 | NA | |
| Neurologic disease, no. (% of no.+) | 1 (50) | 2 (50) | NA | NA | 1 (100) | 0 | 4 (50) |
| Fever only, no. (% of no.+) | 1 (50) | 2 (50) | NA | NA | 0 | 1 (100) | 4 (50) |
| Co-infections, no. and type | 1 EEV, 1 AHSV | 2 WNV† | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 EEV, 1 AHSV, 2 WNV† |
*AHSV, African horse sickness virus; CNS, central nervous system sample; EEV, equine encephalosis virus; MIDV, Middelburg virus; NA, not applicable; SHUV, Shunivirus; SINV, Sindbis virus; WNV, West Nile virus; –, undetectable in central nervous system sample; +, positive.
†Fatal cases with co-infections.
Page created: November 17, 2015
Page updated: November 17, 2015
Page reviewed: November 17, 2015
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