Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015
Research
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Europe, 2010–2011
Gunar Günther, Frank van Leth, Sofia Alexandru, Neus Altet, Korkut Avsar, Didi Bang, Raisa Barbuta, Graham Bothamley, Ana Ciobanu, Valeriu Crudu, Manfred Davilovits, Martin Dedicoat, Raquel Duarte, Gina Gualano, Heinke Kunst, Wiel de Lange, Vaira Leimane, Cecile Magis-Escurra, Anne-Marie McLaughlin, Inge Muylle, Veronika Polcová, Emanuele Pontali, Christina Popa, Rudolf Rumetshofer, Alena Skrahina, Varvara Solodovnikova, Victor Spinu, Simon Tiberi, Piret Viiklepp, Christoph Lange
, and TBNET
, and TBNET
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with MDR TB in TBNET study in Europe, 2010–2011*
| Characteristic | Incidence of TB |
All sites | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low† | Intermediate‡ | High§ | ||
| Patients | 103 (27.1) | 86 (22.6) | 191 (50.3) | 380 (100) |
| Age, y | 31 (27–39) | 41 (26–49) | 37 (28–50) | 36 (27–47) |
| Body mass index | 20 (19–23) | 21 (18–22) | 21 (18–23) | 21 (19–23) |
| Male sex | 50 (48.5) | 56 (65.1) | 133 (69.6) | 239 (62.9) |
| Foreign born | 88 (85.4) | 5 (5.8) | 1 (0.5) | 94 (24.7) |
| Current smoker | ||||
| Yes | 65 (63.1) | 33 (38.4) | 94 (49.2) | 192 (50.5) |
| Unknown | 9 (8.7) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) | 13 (3.4) |
| HIV infected | ||||
| Yes | 8 (7.8) | 8 (9.3) | 9 (4.7) | 25 (6.6) |
| Not tested | 8 (7.8) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 9 (2.4) |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 3 (2.9) | 4 (4.7) | 9 (4.7) | 16 (4.2) |
| Unknown | 5 (4.9) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) | 8 (2.1) |
| TB contact | ||||
| No | 49 (47.6) | 39 (45.3) | 68 (35.6) | 156 (41.1) |
| Yes, no MDR case | 1 (1.0) | 16 (18.6) | 23 (12.0) | 54 (14.2) |
| Yes, MDR case | 15 (14.6) | 2 (2.3) | 5 (2.6) | 8 (2.1) |
| Unknown | 38 (36.9) | 29 (33.7) | 95 (49.7) | 162 (42.6) |
| TB treatment | ||||
| Yes | 42 (40.8) | 23 (26.7) | 116 (60.7) | 181 (47.6) |
| Unknown | 3 (2.9) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.8) |
| Classification of current TB episode | ||||
| New | 61 (59.2) | 64 (74.4) | 74 (38.7) | 199 (52.4) |
| Relapse | 23 (22.3) | 20 (23.3) | 48 (25.1) | 91 (23.9) |
| Treatment failure | 8 (7.8) | 2 (2.3) | 37 (19.4) | 47 (12.4) |
| Chronic | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 14 (7.3) | 15 (3.9) |
| Returned defaulter | 9 (8.7) | 0 | 18 (9.4) | 27 (7.1) |
| Unknown | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
| Location of TB infection | ||||
| Pulmonary | 74 (71.8) | 79 (91.9) | 191 (100.0) | 344 (90.5) |
| Extrapulmonary | 14 (13.6) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 16 (4.2) |
| Pulmonary and extrapulmonary | 15 (14.6) | 5 (5.8) | 0 | 20 (5.3) |
| Radiologic findings | ||||
| No pathologic changes | 8 (7.8) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 10 (2.6) |
| Cavitary | 40 (38.8) | 52 (60.5) | 147 (77.0) | 239 (62.9) |
| Noncavitary | 52 (50.5) | 33 (38.4) | 43 (22.5) | 128 (33.7) |
| Unknown | 3 (2.9) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.8) |
| Bacteriologic result | ||||
| Smear +, culture + | 64 (62.1) | 39 (45.3) | 142 (74.3) | 245 (64.5) |
| Smear –, culture + | 38 (36.9) | 45 (52.3) | 47 (24.6) | 130 (34.2) |
| Unknown | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
| Age, y | ||||
| <18 | 3 (2.9) | 0 | 6 (3.1) | 9 (2.4) |
| 18–24 | 17 (16.5) | 14 (16.3) | 25 (13.1) | 56 (14.7) |
| 25–44 | 68 (66.0) | 34 (39.5) | 91 (47.6) | 193 (50.8) |
| 45–64 | 12 (11.7) | 28 (32.6) | 62 (32.5) | 102 (26.8) |
| ≥65 | 3 (2.9) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (1.0) | 7 (1.8) |
| Unknown | 0 | 8 (9.3) | 5 (2.6) | 13 (3.4) |
| Currently employed | ||||
| Yes | 46 (44.7) | 35 (40.7) | 63 (33.3) | 144 (37.9) |
| Unknown | 7 (6.8) | 6 (7.0) | 1 (0.5) | 14 (3.7) |
| Work in a high-risk setting for TB | ||||
| Yes | 8 (7.8) | 6 (7.0) | 9 (4.7) | 23 (6.1) |
| Unknown | 16 (15.5) | 12 (14.0) | 107 (56.0) | 135 (35.5) |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 11 (10.7) | 20 (23.3) | 48 (25.1) | 79 (20.8) |
| Unknown | 10 (9.7) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 12 (3.2) |
| Imprisonment before current diagnosis | ||||
| Yes | 4 (3.9) | 8 (9.3) | 18 (9.4) | 30 (7.9) |
| Unknown | 12 (11.7) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 14 (3.7) |
| Current homelessness | ||||
| Yes | 9 (8.7) | 2 (2.3) | 5 (2.6) | 16 (4.2) |
| Unknown | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (1.3) |
| Injectable drug use | ||||
| Yes | 7 (6.8) | 7 (8.1) | 10 (5.2) | 24 (6.3) |
| Unknown | 12 (11.7) | 2 (2.3) | 15 (7.9) | 29 (7.6) |
| Hepatitis B | ||||
| Yes | 14 (13.6) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) | 17 (4.5) |
| Unknown | 20 (19.4) | 5 (5.8) | 78 (40.8) | 103 (27.1) |
| Hepatitis C | ||||
| Yes | 12 (11.7) | 5 (5.8) | 2 (1.0) | 19 (5.0) |
| Unknown | 22 (21.4) | 22 (25.6) | 81 (42.4) | 125 (32.9) |
| Use of TNF inhibitor | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 4 (2.1) | 5 (1.3) |
| Unknown | 7 (6.8) | 5 (5.8) | 42 (22.0) | 54 (14.2) |
| Silicosis | ||||
| Yes | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (0.3) |
| Unknown | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (1.3) |
| Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG | ||||
| Yes | 42 (40.8) | 72 (83.7) | 184 (96.3) | 300 (78.5) |
| Unknown | 58 (56.3) | 14 (16.3) | 6 (3.1) | 78 (20.4) |
*Values are no. (%) or median (interquartile range). Unweighted analysis was used. MDR TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; +, positive; –, negative;TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
†Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Italy, and Spain.
‡Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, and Portugal.
§Moldova and Romania.
1Additional contributors from TBNET are listed at the end of this article.
Page created: February 18, 2015
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