Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Epidemiology of Human Mycobacterium bovis Disease, California, USA, 2003–2011
Mark Gallivan
, Neha Shah, and Jennifer Flood
, Neha Shah, and Jennifer Flood
Table 2
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of and treatment outcomes for case-patients with tuberculosis attributable to Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis, California, USA, 2003–2011
| Patient group, characteristic or outcome | No. (%) cases* |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| M. bovis, n = 176 | M. tuberculosis, n = 3,445 | ||
| Child case-patients† | |||
| Country of birth | 0.02 | ||
| United States | 4/6 (66.7) | 54/58 (93.1) | |
| Mexico | 2/6 (33.3) | 1/58 (1.7) | |
| Other‡ | 0/6 | 3/58 (5.2) | |
| Any parent/guardian born in Mexico | 6/6 (100.0) | 22/58 (38.0) | 0.005 |
| Lived in Mexico for >2 mo |
4/6 (66.7) |
2/58 (3.4) |
<0.001 |
| All patients | |||
| Age, years | 0.24 | ||
| 0 to <15 | 6 (3.4) | 58 (1.7) | |
| 15–24 | 16 (9.1) | 304 (8.8) | |
| 25–44 | 46 (26.1) | 990 (28.7) | |
| 45–64 | 66 (37.5) | 1,112 (32.3) | |
| >65 | 42 (23.9) | 981 (28.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 3 (1.7) | 277 (8.0) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 3 (1.7) | 204 (5.9) | |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 42 (23.9) | 1,743 (50.6) | |
| Hispanic | 127 (72.2) | 1,187 (34.5) | |
| Other | 1 (0.6) | 34 (1.0) | |
| Country of birth | <0.001 | ||
| United States | 33/175 (18.9) | 643/3,438 (18.7) | |
| Mexico | 94/175 (53.7) | 740/3,438 (21.5) | |
| Other country‡ | 48/175 (27.4) | 2,057/3,438 (59.8) | |
| Main site of disease | <0.001 | ||
| Pulmonary | 110 (62.5) | 2,938 (85.2) | |
| Extrapulmonary only | 66 (37.5) | 507 (14.8) | |
| Presence of cavitation on chest radiographs§ | 23/99 (23.2) | 666/2,781 (24.0 | 0.87 |
| Positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear§ | 57/101 (56.4) | 1,678/2,785 (60.3) | 0.44 |
| Reported HIV co-infection | 13 (7.4) | 140 (4.1) | 0.03 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | 59 (33.5) | 826 (24.0) | 0.004 |
| Presence of other immunosuppressive condition(s)¶ | 35 (19.9) | 352 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Primary reason evaluated for tuberculosis | <0.001 | ||
| Presence of tuberculosis symptoms | 116 (65.9) | 2,243/3,435 (65.3) | |
| Abnormal results on chest radiograph | 26 (14.8) | 608/3,435 (17.7) | |
| Contact investigation | 0 | 86/3,435 (2.5) | |
| Targeted testing | 2 (1.1) | 60/3,435 (1.7) | |
| Immigration medical examination | 3 (1.7) | 113/3,435 (3.3) | |
| Incidental laboratory result | 29 (16.5) | 285/3,435 (8.3) | |
| Other | 0 | 40/3,435 (1.2) | |
| Treatment outcome | 0.006 | ||
| Patient died before completion | 26/165 (15.8) | 285/3,299 (8.6) | |
| Completed treatment | 126/165 (76.3) | 2,786/3,299 (84.4) | |
| Other | 13/165 (7.9) | 228/3,299 (6.9) | |
*n values are indicated for categories with missing or incomplete data.
†Case-patients <15 y of age.
‡Other countries (no. cases): Ethiopia (1), Malaysia (1), Vietnam (1).
§Of case-patients with any pulmonary involvement.
¶Includes end-stage renal disease, immunosuppression associated with receiving anti–tumor necrosis factor-α therapy, immunosuppression associated with receiving solid-organ transplant, or other immunosuppressive conditions, but excludes diabetes and HIV co-infection.
Page created: February 18, 2015
Page updated: February 18, 2015
Page reviewed: February 18, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.