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Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Epidemiology of Human Mycobacterium bovis Disease, California, USA, 2003–2011

Mark GallivanComments to Author , Neha Shah, and Jennifer Flood
Author affiliations: California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (M. Gallivan, N. Shah, J. Flood); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N. Shah)

Main Article

Table 2

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of and treatment outcomes for case-patients with tuberculosis attributable to Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis, California, USA, 2003–2011

Patient group, characteristic or outcome No. (%) cases*
p value
M. bovis, n = 176 M. tuberculosis, n = 3,445
Child case-patients†
Country of birth 0.02
United States 4/6 (66.7) 54/58 (93.1)
Mexico 2/6 (33.3) 1/58 (1.7)
Other‡ 0/6 3/58 (5.2)
Any parent/guardian born in Mexico 6/6 (100.0) 22/58 (38.0) 0.005
Lived in Mexico for >2 mo
4/6 (66.7)
2/58 (3.4)
<0.001
All patients
Age, years 0.24
0 to <15 6 (3.4) 58 (1.7)
15–24 16 (9.1) 304 (8.8)
25–44 46 (26.1) 990 (28.7)
45–64 66 (37.5) 1,112 (32.3)
>65 42 (23.9) 981 (28.5)
Race/ethnicity <0.001
White, non-Hispanic 3 (1.7) 277 (8.0)
Black, non-Hispanic 3 (1.7) 204 (5.9)
Asian, non-Hispanic 42 (23.9) 1,743 (50.6)
Hispanic 127 (72.2) 1,187 (34.5)
Other 1 (0.6) 34 (1.0)
Country of birth <0.001
United States 33/175 (18.9) 643/3,438 (18.7)
Mexico 94/175 (53.7) 740/3,438 (21.5)
Other country‡ 48/175 (27.4) 2,057/3,438 (59.8)
Main site of disease <0.001
Pulmonary 110 (62.5) 2,938 (85.2)
Extrapulmonary only 66 (37.5) 507 (14.8)
Presence of cavitation on chest radiographs§ 23/99 (23.2) 666/2,781 (24.0 0.87
Positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear§ 57/101 (56.4) 1,678/2,785 (60.3) 0.44
Reported HIV co-infection 13 (7.4) 140 (4.1) 0.03
Presence of diabetes mellitus 59 (33.5) 826 (24.0) 0.004
Presence of other immunosuppressive condition(s)¶ 35 (19.9) 352 (10.2) <0.001
Primary reason evaluated for tuberculosis <0.001
Presence of tuberculosis symptoms 116 (65.9) 2,243/3,435 (65.3)
Abnormal results on chest radiograph 26 (14.8) 608/3,435 (17.7)
Contact investigation 0 86/3,435 (2.5)
Targeted testing 2 (1.1) 60/3,435 (1.7)
Immigration medical examination 3 (1.7) 113/3,435 (3.3)
Incidental laboratory result 29 (16.5) 285/3,435 (8.3)
Other 0 40/3,435 (1.2)
Treatment outcome 0.006
Patient died before completion 26/165 (15.8) 285/3,299 (8.6)
Completed treatment 126/165 (76.3) 2,786/3,299 (84.4)
Other 13/165 (7.9) 228/3,299 (6.9)

*n values are indicated for categories with missing or incomplete data.
†Case-patients <15 y of age.
‡Other countries (no. cases): Ethiopia (1), Malaysia (1), Vietnam (1).
§Of case-patients with any pulmonary involvement.
¶Includes end-stage renal disease, immunosuppression associated with receiving anti–tumor necrosis factor-α therapy, immunosuppression associated with receiving solid-organ transplant, or other immunosuppressive conditions, but excludes diabetes and HIV co-infection.

Main Article

Page created: February 18, 2015
Page updated: February 18, 2015
Page reviewed: February 18, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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